Diterpenoids from Spirostachys africana

Antibacterial activities and cytotoxicity of terpenoids isolated from Spirostachys africana

“…Compound 4 showed MIC values of 50 g/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysentery, and Shigella flexneri similarly to compound 1 while, two times lower activity (MIC of 100 g/ml), was recorded against Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholera and Escherichia coli and Shigella boydii. Although compounds 3 and 4 have been reported to be isolated from the Spirostachys africana previously, there are no reports on its antibacterial activity (Baarschers et al, 1962;Duri et al, 1992;Munkombwe et al, 1997). The positive control, nalidixic acid had much lower MIC values (1.56-6.25 g/ml) than isolated compounds when tested against all diarrhoea causative microoganism.…”

“…Four known compounds, two triterpenes, compound 1 [d-Friedoolean-14-en-oic acid (3-acetyl aleuritolic acid)], compound 2 (Lupeol), and two diterpenes compound 3 [ent-2,6␣-dihydroxy-norbeyer-1,4,15-trien-3-one (diosphenol 2)] and compound 4 (ent-3␤-hydroxy-beyer-15-ene-2-one) were obtained. Compounds 1 and 2 are isolated from Spirostachys africana first time in this study while, compounds 3 and 4 were previously isolated from the same plant (Duri et al, 1992;Munkombwe et al, 1997).…”

“…One of these semi pure subfrations was further purified on a preparative TLC plate (silica gel 60 F 254 ) using 3% MeOH in CHCl 3 which gave compound 4 (yield 0.0006%). The structural elucidation of isolated compounds were identified by their physical (mp, [␣] D ) and spectroscopic ( 1 H and 13 C NMR) data (Duri et al, 1992;Munkombwe et al, 1997;Peres et al, 1997).…”

“…Earlier phytochemical studies of the latex from Spirostachys africana have showed the presence of beyerene derivatives, diosphenols, ␣ ketols, stachynones and acid metabolites (Baarschers et al, 1962;Duri et al, 1992;Munkombwe et al, 1997). However, there are no reports on the isolation and characterization of chemical compounds from the stem bark of Spirostachys africana and their bioactivity against diarrhoea causative microrganisms.…”

The inhibitory activity of the extracts of popular medicinal herbs on CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19 and 3A4 and the implications for herb-drug interaction

“…A number of phytochemicals including stachenone, diosphenol and diterpenoid derivatives have been isolated and identified as active constituents (Duri et al, 1992). The latex is traditionally used in South Africa and Zimbabwe as purgative, to stimulate emesis, and manage infective diarrhoea and dysentery (Gelfand et al, 1995); as antimalarial in Tanzania and Mozambique and as topical anti-infective in South Africa (Munkombwe et al, 1997;.…”