Disulfide Interchange and the Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Givol, David; Lorenzo, Francesco De; Goldberger, Robert F.; Anfinsen, Christian B.

doi:10.1073/pnas.53.3.676

Cited by 155 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…Students also determine the molecular weight of their isolated lysozyme using SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis against proteins of known molecular weights. Finally, they review the differences in the lysozyme proteins from different species with a bioinformatics exercise.The tertiary structure of a protein, and hence, the protein's function is determined by the amino acid sequence [4]. Sequencing protein is generally more difficult than sequencing DNA.…”

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Using HPLC‐mass spectrometry to teach proteomics concepts with problem‐based techniques

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Vankempen

et al. 2010

Biochem Molecular Bio Educ

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Practical instruction of proteomics concepts was provided using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a mass selective detection system (HPLC-MS) for the analysis of simulated protein digests. The samples were prepared from selected dipeptides in order to facilitate the mass spectral identification. As part of the prelaboratory preparation, students calculated the parent ion patterns of the dipeptides using peptide calculator websites. Following instruction on the use of the HPLC-MS instrument, students analyzed mixtures of the dipeptides and identified the individual dipeptides in the unknowns. In addition, purchased chicken egg white lysozyme alkylated with iodoacetamide and digested with trypsin was analyzed using the same approach. Key tryptic peptides were identified from the HPLC-MS chromatogram with information generated with the FindPept tool. This experiment demonstrates that complex concepts can be taught in the undergraduate biochemistry laboratory using a problem-based approach.Keywords: Proteomics, protein sequence, mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS, lysozyme.''The great difficulty in education is to get experience out of ideas'' George Santayana Santayana, the Spanish-born philosopher and social commentator, recognized that communication of ideas in the classroom did not always result in understanding, which he called ''experience.'' The experiment described here is used in our biochemistry course to communicate complex ''ideas'' (i.e. concepts) in a practical, problembased laboratory exercise. We wanted students to understand how the researcher can use high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) to identify peptides that are present in a mixture.Our upper-level undergraduate biochemistry laboratory is a five-hour course that meets weekly for one-half of the semester. Its purpose is to introduce students to concepts and techniques used in research labs. The course exercises include kinetic analysis of mushroom tyrosinase [1], the purification and analytical characterization of lysozyme [2], a bioinformatic exercise for lysozyme [3], and the HPLC-MS analysis of a simulated proteolytic digest using purchased dipeptides and trypsin-digested lysozyme. Hands-on use of the HPLC-MS lets students become familiar with a potent, bioanalytical technique, which can then be applied to samples that will be isolated and prepared in the research lab.Students choose to purify lysozyme from one of several avian egg whites sources. Our laboratory course uses five species of avian eggs in the exercise: Chicken (Gallus gallus), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), duck (Anas platyrhynchos), bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus), and ostrich (Struthio camelus). Students learn how to purify proteins by ion-exchange chromatography. They analyze their protein containing fractions for lysozyme enzyme activity against suspensions of Micrococcus lysodeikticus cell walls. Students also determine the molecular weight of their isolated lysozyme using SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis against proteins o...

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confidence: 99%

“…The tertiary structure of a protein, and hence, the protein's function is determined by the amino acid sequence [4]. Sequencing protein is generally more difficult than sequencing DNA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using HPLC‐mass spectrometry to teach proteomics concepts with problem‐based techniques

Short

Vankempen

et al. 2010

Biochem Molecular Bio Educ

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“…In liver, the microsomal fraction has the highest specific activity [64,68,69] and the enzyme has been purified from this source [70]. Anfinsen et al described material purified to homogeneity from beef liver, which has mol.…”

Section: Protein-disulphide Isomerasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anfinsen et al described material purified to homogeneity from beef liver, which has mol. wt 42 000, contained a single free cysteine group and a disulphide bond [71] and catalysed regain of native activity from several reduced or scrambled proteins [68,70,72]. The purified material also catalysed the interchange of disulphide bonds in insulin leading to the formation of complex aggregates [73].…”

Section: Protein-disulphide Isomerasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Essentially two activities have been used for their analysis namely the reduction of insulin by GSH, to yield GSSG and reduced A and B chains [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] a type (1) reaction, and the thiol-dependent regain of enzyme activity from fully oxidised incorrectly disulphide-bonded ribonuclease ('scrambled' ribonuclease), a reaction of type (4) [64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75]. These two activities have been formally named glutathione: protein-disulphide (insulin) oxidoreductase (EC 1.8.4.2) and protein-disulphide isomerase (EC 5.3.4.1), respectively.…”

Section: Thiol:disulphide Oxidoreduetasementioning

confidence: 99%

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