Disturbances of menstruation due to simple achlorhydric anemia

The Blood Picture in Hemorrhagic Anemia

“…The blood pictures cited for hypochromic or microcytic anemias are paralleled by those reported for hemorrhagic anemia as based on the results of this investigation. Hemoglobin, whether measured in terms of the level, or of the color index, or of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, has always been found to be low in hypochromic anemia (Wintrobe and Beebe, 1933;Haden and Singleton, 1933;Wintrobe, 1934;Sturgis, 1938;McLean, 1938;Fowler and Barer, 1939). In the experimental animals used in the current studies hemoglobin failed to return to normal at any time during the course of the research.…”

“…Others cited periodic menstrual losses as possible causes (Witts, 1931;Wintrobe and Beebe, 1933;Wright, 1933;Barer, Fowler, and Baldridge, 1934-35;and Fowler and Barer, 1937). On the other hand, Haden and Singleton (1933) did not regard excessive menstrual hemorrhages alone as responsible for anemia since in their series of cases menstrual disorders were usually relieved when the blood picture returned to normal. Vanderhoof and Davis (1932) did not consider periodic blood losses as important for the five women whom they studied.…”

“…In the experimental animals used in the current studies hemoglobin failed to return to normal at any time during the course of the research. Red cell counts have been reported as reduced in number (Wintrobe, 1934;Castle and Minot, 1936), normal or relatively high (Wintrobe and Beebe, 1933;Haden and Singleton, 1933), or increased when paralleled by microcytosis ( Sturgis, 1938). In the experimental animals red cell counts were low in the early stages of recovery, but increased rapidly in number, reaching ultimately a level considerably above normal.…”

Community study of menstrual iron loss and its association with iron deficiency anaemia.

“…Jacobs and Butler (1965) compared the menstrual blood loss in a group of "normal" volunteer midwives with that of a group of hospital patients with iron deficiency anaemia, and found a significant excess in the latter. On the other hand, Haden and Singleton (1933) stated that menorrhagia is not responsible for iron deficiency, though they presented no data directly supporting this statement, and Barer and Fowler (1936) and Rankin, Veall, Huntsman, and Liddell (1962) stated that they found no convincing evidence of an association between blood loss and haemoglobin level. Millis (1951) stated that his subject showed no consistent relationship between haemoglobin levels and the duration of the menstrual cycle, and Barer and Fowler (1938) stated that the degree of anaemia did not parallel the amount of blood lost.…”