Disturbances of F-region electron density following solar terminator during the WITS period of 16–20 March 1988

First GPS-TEC evidence for the wave structure excited by the solar terminator

“…The obtained results concerning the LS structure agree with theoretical indications of ST effects (Cot and Teitelbaum, 1980;Somsikov, 1983Somsikov, , 1987Somsikov and Ganguly, 1995;Dungenbaeva and Ganguly, 2004;Antonova et al, 2006) and do not contradict the experimental results obtained by Mishin et al (1991), Beley et al (1995), and Galushko et al (1998Galushko et al ( , 2003. In particular, these results confirm the conclusion by Galushko et al (1998) that ST-generated AGWs can be observed at sunrise better than at sunset (corresponding data will be presented in future publications).…”

“…The great variety of ST-linked phenomena in the atmosphere has resulted in a number of studies being carried out on the analysis of ionosphere parameter variations obtained by different methods of ionosphere sounding (Bezrodny and Yampolski, 1976;Popov and Yampolski, 1981;Galushko and Yampolski, 1983;Mishin et al, 1991;Drobzhev et al, 1992;Bezotosnyi et al, 1994;Beley et al, 1995;Sobral et al, 1997;Galushko et al, 1998;Hocke and Igarashi, 2002;Galushko et al, 2003). However, virtually all experimental data were obtained using indirect methods for analyzing the spectrum of ionosphere parameter variations, which can result from a number of factors.…”

Observing wave packets generated by solar terminator in TEC during typhoons

“…This model assumes that ST passage leads to generation of currents in the conductive ionospheric layer, which produce slow magnetic sound waves. A mechanism has also been proposed for transferring the generated ST disturbances along magnetic field lines to another hemisphere [Leonovich et al, 2010]. Further studies have shown that TEC disturbances associated with ST passage may have a more complex structure, as, apparently, a superposition of ionospheric plasma oscillations caused by the influence of not only MHD waves but also of gravity waves.…”

“…Earlier studies of ionospheric conditions in the region of ST passage [Hines, 1960;Francis, 1974] have shown that ST passage causes wave generation as well as instabilities and fluctuations in ionospheric plasma. This led to a number of studies of ionospheric parameters during ST passage [Mishin et al, 1991;Somsikov, Ganguly, 1995;Galushko et al, 1998]. …”

“…The main mechanism of disturbance energy transfer from the troposphere to ionospheric heights is represented by internal atmospheric waves of various scales: tides, planetary waves, internal gravity waves (IGWs) [Lastovicka, 2006]. Under certain conditions, IGWs can reach ionospheric heights, causing electron density disturbances, which are detected as traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) [Kazimirovsky, 2002].…”