Disturbance of host defence capability in the common shrimp, Crangon crangon, by exposure to harbour dredge spoils

Smith, Valerie J.; Swindlehurst, R. J.; Johnston, Paul; Vethaak, A.D.

doi:10.1016/0166-445x(94)00078-5

Cited by 76 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…H&E, scale bar = 50 µm Clyde estuary may be compromised. Previous studies on the defence capability of Crangon crangon have shown that exposure to contaminated harbour dredge spoils led to a reduced total haemocyte count and blood cell phenoloxidase activity (Smith et al 1995). It is conceivable that shrimp sampled from some estuarine locations may be similarly compromised and hence unable to mount an immune response to CcBVinfected tubule epithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Pathology and ultrastructure of an intranuclear bacilliform virus (IBV) infecting brown shrimp Crangon crangon (Decapoda: Crangonidae)

Stentiford¹,

Bateman²,

Feist³

2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The brown shrimp Crangon crangon supports an important fishery in Europe (over 25 000 t, valued at 80 million euros in 2000). Through the course of histopathological screening of crustaceans from the Clyde estuary, western Scotland, for the biological effect of contaminants, we have discovered a highly prevalent (up to 100%) non-occluded intranuclear bacilliform virus (IBV) infection in the hepatopancreatic tubule epithelia and midgut epithelia of wild C. crangon. This is the first report of an IBV in this family. We have termed this virus Crangon crangon bacilliform virus (CcBV). Histological and ultrastructural observations suggest that this virus is similar to other IBVs previously described from crabs and penaeid shrimps. The nuclei of virus-infected epithelial cells contained an eosinophilic, hypertrophied viroplasm that marginalised the chromatin of the host nucleus. Infected cells were often separated from their neighbouring cells and their nuclei appeared apoptotic. In heavily infected shrimp, apoptotic cells were expelled into the lumen of the hepatopancreatic tubule or the midgut. Following this stage, some hepatopancreatic tubules became degenerate, with remnants of the basement membrane and myoepithelial lining remaining. Transmission electron microscopy of hypertrophic nuclei revealed the presence of rod-shaped and cylindrical, envelope-bound virions. These virions did not form arrays and were not embedded within occlusion bodies, but did appear to be partially occluded in an amorphous matrix that corresponded to a granular viroplasm. The ultrastructure, morphology and size of the nucleocapsid and the complete virion aligns the virus most closely to the IBVs previously reported from other decapod crustaceans. Due to the pathological manifestation of IBV infection in C. crangon, it appears likely that it can act as a population modulator, particularly at sites where infection prevalence is high, such as that observed in the Clyde estuary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Pathology and ultrastructure of an intranuclear bacilliform virus (IBV) infecting brown shrimp Crangon crangon (Decapoda: Crangonidae)

Stentiford¹,

Bateman²,

Feist³

2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Invertebrate immune defences comprise cellular and humoral components, which are highly efficient in combating pathogens and parasites and share many facets with vertebrate immune defences (Ratcliffe et al 1985, Engstrøm et al 1993. Laboratory exposure to contaminants can significantly alter immunity in invertebrates from diverse phyla, including annelids (Suzuki et al 1995, Ville et al 1995, molluscs (Coles et al 1994, Auffret & Oubella 1997, Cima et al 1998, crustaceans (Smith & Johnston 1992, Smith et al 1995 and ascidians , Cima et al 1997, Raftos & Hutchinson 1997. Under laboratory conditions, contaminant-induced immunomodulation can lead to increased susceptibility of molluscs to disease (Winstead & Couch 1988, Chu & Hale 1994, Fisher et al 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in immune parameters of natural mussel Mytilus edulis populations following a major oil spill ('Sea Empress', Wales, UK)

Dyrynda¹,

Law²,

Dyrynda³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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In February 1996, the oil tanker 'Sea Empress' spilt over 70 000 t of crude oil which contaminated ca 200 km of coastline (Milford Haven, Wales, UK). The effects of the oil on immunity in mussels Mytilus edulis were investigated in parallel with the measurement of hydrocarbon contamination in the tissues. Initially, severe immunosuppression occurred in oiled mussels, corresponding with very high polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels. The haemocytes of mussels from oiled sites showed significantly reduced superoxide generation and phagocytic activity, effects likely to have deleterious consequences for successful disease resistance. As contaminant levels decreased, the immunosuppression became less extreme and recovery was evident by May 1996. Between October 1996 and March 1997, immune activity in the haemocytes of the previously oiled mussels was again significantly reduced, coinciding with increased PAH levels. During this latter period, certain high molecular mass PAHs (characteristically derived from combustion processes) were primarily responsible for the increase, occurring at similar concentrations in the mussel tissues to those observed just after the spill. A subsequent reduction of hydrocarbons in June 1997 was followed by another, but less marked, increase in PAHs between October 1997 and March 1998, coupled with only minimal changes in immunity. The results show that immunosuppression following the oil spill was severe, but that recovery followed a few months later and the initial effects were not therefore permanent. The results also suggest that seasonal peaks in combustion-derived PAHs may occur in the region and that these would have been greatly exacerbated early in 1996 by oil released from the 'Sea Empress'. KEY WORDS: Mytilus · Immune defence · Haemocyte · Oil spill · Hydrocarbon contaminationResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Mar Ecol Prog Ser 206: 155-170, 2000 These include the induction of biomarker enzymes in fish and molluscs (Sole et al. 1996, Woodin et al. 1997, Stagg et al. 1998, Kirby et al. 1999, abnormalities in fish embryos/larvae (Hose et al. 1996, Bue et al. 1998 and haematological changes in vertebrates (Duffy et al. 1994, Walton et al. 1997.Despite the considerable effects that crude oil contaminants can exert on the physiology of marine animals, information concerning impacts on the physiology of natural invertebrate populations is more limited, particularly with respect to their immune defences. Globally, marine invertebrates constitute an important economic resource, and factors influencing their ability to resist disease and hence maintain healthy populations are of considerable relevance. Invertebrate immune defences comprise cellular and humoral components, which are highly efficient in combating pathogens and parasites and share many facets with vertebrate immune defences (Ratcliffe et al. 1985, Engstrøm et al. 1993. Laboratory exposure to contaminants can significantly alter immunity in invertebrates fr...

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“…A decrease in total haemocyte count (THC) and differential haemocyte count (DHC) due to salinity (Wang and Chen, 2005b;Nisha, 2006) and environmental stress conditions such as hypoxia (Le Moullac et al, 1998) was reported in the shrimps F. indicus, F. paulensis, L. vannamei and P. stylirostris. Smith et al (1995) noticed reduction in haemocyte number due to increase in the haemolymph volume. In C. pagurus diagnosed with shell disease syndrome, there was no correlation between THC and the degree of infection but the percentage of basophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes increased (Vogan and Rowley, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total and differential counts of hemocytes may provide a useful means for evaluating the physiological condition of an animal (Le Moullac and Haffner, 2000). The wide difference in cell percentages may be attributed to various parameters such as sex, diet, length at captivity, moult stage (Stewart et al, 1967;Tsing et al, 1989;Wang and Chen, 2005a), pathological conditions (Smith and Ratcliffe, 1980;Eddy et al, 2007) and environmental contaminants (Smith et al, 1995). A decrease in total haemocyte count (THC) and differential haemocyte count (DHC) due to salinity (Wang and Chen, 2005b;Nisha, 2006) and environmental stress conditions such as hypoxia (Le Moullac et al, 1998) was reported in the shrimps F. indicus, F. paulensis, L. vannamei and P. stylirostris.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Padmanabhan¹,

Raghavan²,

Kenchappa³

2017

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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The light and ultrastructural observations on haemocyte profile of the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae demonstrated three cell types: agranulocyte, granulocyte I and granulocyte II. Agranulocytes are the smallest of the haemocyte types, comprised 38% of the haemocytes, devoid of granules and showed high nucleoprotoplasmic ratio. Their cytoplasm contained numerous free ribosomes, vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, few mitochondria with parallel cristae and vacuoles. Granulocytes I (37%) are the largest of the haemocyte types, characterized by the presence of numerous granules (26 to 61) of varying size, shape and densities and organelles like mitochondria, free ribosomes and peripheral vacuoles and displayed low nucleoprotoplasmic ratio. Granulocytes II (25%) contained large electron dense granules (10 to 23) and organelles like free ribosomes and vacuoles and showed intermediate nucleoprotoplasmic ratio. Unlike granulocytes, agranulocytes exhibited prominent pseudopodial projections suggesting a phagocytory function. This study revealed the unusual occurrence of a binucleate agranulocyte and a rare phenomenon called clasmatosis of granulocyte II, wherein part of the cell fragments off along with cytoplasmic contents devoid of nucleus.

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Disturbance of host defence capability in the common shrimp, Crangon crangon, by exposure to harbour dredge spoils

Cited by 76 publications

References 22 publications

Pathology and ultrastructure of an intranuclear bacilliform virus (IBV) infecting brown shrimp Crangon crangon (Decapoda: Crangonidae)

Pathology and ultrastructure of an intranuclear bacilliform virus (IBV) infecting brown shrimp Crangon crangon (Decapoda: Crangonidae)

Changes in immune parameters of natural mussel Mytilus edulis populations following a major oil spill ('Sea Empress', Wales, UK)

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