Disturbance of cellular homeostasis as a molecular risk evaluation of human endothelial cells exposed to nanoparticles

Abstract

Even though application of nanoparticles in medicine seems to provide unique solutions for drug delivery and diagnosis diseases, understanding interactions between nanoscale materials and biological systems is imperative. Therefore, this study determined the effect of different types of nanoparticles (NPs) on human endothelial cells and examined the types of toxicity responses they can induce. Four different types of NPs were tested (PLA/MMT/TRASTUZUMAB, PLA/EDTMP, PLGA/MDP, and Pluronic F127 MICELLES), representing three putative areas of application: anticancer therapy, scintigraphy, and cosmetology. The experiments were performed on immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC-STs). Light contrast phase microscopy as well as cell viability assays showed that only Pluronic F127 MICELLES decreased the number of HUVEC-STs in contrast to PLA/MMT/TRASTUZUMAB, PLA/EDTMP, and PLGA/MDP NPs, which altered cell morphology, but not their confluency. The tested NPs induced not only DNA strand-breaks and alkali-labile sites, but also internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, visualized as a DNA ladder pattern typical of apoptosis. Moreover, generation of free radicals and subsequent mitochondrial membrane potential collapse showed the significance of free radical production during interactions between NPs and endothelial cells. High concentrations of NPs had different degrees of toxicity in human endothelial cells and affected cell proliferation, redox homeostasis, and triggered mitochondrial dysfunction.

Silica-coated magnetic-nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity is reduced in microglia by glutathione and citrate identified using integrated omics

“…Nanomaterial-induced toxicity (nanotoxicity) is mostly mediated by redox imbalance, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and energy metabolism dysfunction [ 13 – 20 ]. However, detailed biological evaluations for the mechanisms of the redox imbalance are still limited [ 5 , 21 ]. Therefore, an increasing number of studies are focusing on reducing nanotoxicity and identifying the relevant mechanisms [ 22 , 23 ].…”

The effect of nanoparticles of cobalt–chromium on human aortic endothelial cells in vitro

“…Ultimately, the absorbance was measured using a microplate reader. Similar research method has been used in other studies (Guo et al, 2016; Huerta‐García et al, 2018; D. P. Wang et al, 2020; Wigner et al, 2021). The experiment condition in which specific concentrations at specific times decreased cell viability by 50% is suitable for further experiments.…”

Distinct Methodologies to Produce Capped Mesoporous Silica with Hydroxyapatite and the Influence in Intracellular Signaling as Cytotoxicity on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

“…In contrast, the Si-OH group is just part of the pores of SBA-15 Both SBA-15/HAP_1 and SBA-15/HAP_2 present two bands at 565 cm −1 and 603 c correspond to the P-O deformation of the phosphate group of HAP. According to owicz et al [43] and Ye and Liu Hong [45], the peaks at 603 cm −1 and 564 cm −1 are d (PO4) 3− groups with the vibrational mode of ν4, whereas the peaks at 1090, 1032, cm −1 were characteristic for the ν3, ν3, and ν1 vibrational modes of (PO4) 3− . The pre a slight peak at 1090 cm −1 in both samples corroborates the existence of CaP [46].…”

“…Several works have been dedicated to understanding the biocompatibility of nanoparticles/nanosystems with biological systems [45][46][47][48][49]. In the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the use of nanosystems in different biomedical applications, such as targeted drug delivery and disease diagnosis.…”

“…Additionally, Lai et al [49] observed cytotoxicity of 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) nanoparticle dispersions, which depends on the polymorph, in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Finally, Wigner P et al [45] evaluated the effect of different types of nanoparticles (PLA/MMT/TRASTUZUMAB, PLA/EDTMP, PLGA/MDP, and Pluronic F127 MICELLES) on human endothelial cells and observed, in some cases, high cytotoxicity effect.…”