Disturbance in the Mucosa-Associated Commensal Bacteria Is Associated with the Exacerbation of Chronic Colitis by Repeated Psychological Stress; Is That the New Target of Probiotics?

Abstract

Psychological stress can exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease. However, the mechanisms underlying how psychological stress affects gut inflammation remain unclear. Here, we focused on the relationship between changes in the microbial community of mucosa-associated commensal bacteria (MACB) and mucosal immune responses induced by chronic psychological stress in a murine model of ulcerative colitis. Furthermore, we examined the effect of probiotic treatment on exacerbated colitis and MACB composition changes induced by chronic psychological stress. Repeated water avoidance stress (rWAS) in B6-Tcra-/- mice severely exacerbated colitis, which was evaluated by both colorectal tissue weight and histological score of colitis. rWAS treatment increased mRNA expression of UCN2 and IFN-γ in large intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells (LI-LPMC). Interestingly, exacerbated colitis was associated with changes in the microbial community of MACB, specifically loss of bacterial species diversity and an increase in the component ratio of Clostridium, revealed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis. Finally, the oral administration of a probiotic Lactobacillus strain was protective against the exacerbation of colitis and was associated with a change in the bacterial community of MACB in rWAS-exposed Tcra-/- mice. Taken together, these results suggested that loss of species diversity in MACB might play a key role in exacerbated colitis induced by chronic psychological stress. In addition, probiotic treatment may be used as a tool to preserve the diversity of bacterial species in MACB and alleviate gut inflammation induced by psychological stress.

The gut microbiota and microbial metabolites are associated with tail biting in pigs

“…Clostridiales regulate microbial gut-derived T-cell immune and serotonergic signals through which they can affect behavior [62][63][64] . Increases in the relative abundance of the Clostridiales order has also been linked to a number of behavioural disorders such as autism 62 , schizophrenia 65 and as a consequence of social stress 18,66 . At family level, we found increased levels of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Clostridiales Family XIII in the tail biter pigs.…”

Serum cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor profiles and their modulation in inflammatory bowel disease

“…Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn disease (CD), and indeterminate colitis, is a long-term condition that involves inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. [1] The incidence of IBD has dramatically increased during the 20th century [2] : the annual incidence of UC and CD varies between 19.2 to 24.3 and 12.7 to 20.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in Europe and is 6.3 and 20.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in Asia and the Middle East, [3,4] respectively.…”

Qi‐Deficiency Related Increases in Disease Susceptibility Are Potentially Mediated by the Intestinal Microbiota

“…Of the biomarkers for QX, Comamonas is a cellulolytic microbe [ 33 ] and Sphingobium [ 34 ] and Clostridium [ 35 , 36 ] are associated with inflammation. Of the biomarkers PH for, Megasphaera [ 37 ], Veillonellaceae [ 38 ], Pseudomonadaceae [ 39 ], Streptococcaceae [ 40 ], and Bifidobacterium [ 41 , 42 ] can produce and metabolize fat, starches, protein, and polysaccharides, which are significantly lacking in QX.…”