Disturbance impacts on land surface temperature and gross primary productivity in the western United States

Cooper, L. A.; Ballantyne, Ashley P.; Holden, Zachary A.; Landguth, Erin L.

doi:10.1002/2016jg003622

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…5 and Supplementary Fig. 13), which is consistent with previous findings at the regional scale 30,38,39 . We also related △LST to BA and fire severity at the 0.05˚ scale, which showed a stronger response of △LST to fire severity, especially in tropical regions (Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Biophysical feedback of global forest fires on surface temperature

2019

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The biophysical feedbacks of forest fire on Earth’s surface radiative budget remain uncertain at the global scale. Using satellite observations, we show that fire-induced forest loss accounts for about 15% of global forest loss, mostly in northern high latitudes. Forest fire increases surface temperature by 0.15 K (0.12 to 0.19 K) one year following fire in burned area globally. In high-latitudes, the initial positive climate-fire feedback was mainly attributed to reduced evapotranspiration and sustained for approximately 5 years. Over longer-term (> 5 years), increases in albedo dominated the surface radiative budget resulting in a net cooling effect. In tropical regions, fire had a long-term weaker warming effect mainly due to reduced evaporative cooling. Globally, biophysical feedbacks of fire-induced surface warming one year after fire are equivalent to 62% of warming due to annual fire-related CO2 emissions. Our results suggest that changes in the severity and/or frequency of fire disturbance may have strong impacts on Earth’s surface radiative budget and climate, especially at high latitudes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Biophysical feedback of global forest fires on surface temperature

2019

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“…Magnitude and duration of the reduction, however, differ substantially between tree mortality and defoliation (Cooper, Ballantyne, Holden, & Landguth, 2017;Flower & Gonzales-Meler, 2015;Hicke et al, 2012). Magnitude and duration of the reduction, however, differ substantially between tree mortality and defoliation (Cooper, Ballantyne, Holden, & Landguth, 2017;Flower & Gonzales-Meler, 2015;Hicke et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Simulating the recent impacts of multiple biotic disturbances on forest carbon cycling across the United States

Kautz

Anthoni

Meddens

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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Biotic disturbances (BDs, for example, insects, pathogens, and wildlife herbivory) substantially affect boreal and temperate forest ecosystems globally. However, accurate impact assessments comprising larger spatial scales are lacking to date although these are critically needed given the expected disturbance intensification under a warming climate. Hence, our quantitative knowledge on current and future BD impacts, for example, on forest carbon (C) cycling, is strongly limited. We extended a dynamic global vegetation model to simulate ecosystem response to prescribed tree mortality and defoliation due to multiple biotic agents across United States forests during the period 1997-2015, and quantified the BD-induced vegetation C loss, that is, C fluxes from live vegetation to dead organic matter pools. Annual disturbance fractions separated by BD type (tree mortality and defoliation) and agent (bark beetles, defoliator insects, other insects, pathogens, and other biotic agents) were calculated at 0.5° resolution from aerial-surveyed data and applied within the model. Simulated BD-induced C fluxes totaled 251.6 Mt C (annual mean: 13.2 Mt C year , SD ±7.3 Mt C year between years) across the study domain, to which tree mortality contributed 95% and defoliation 5%. Among BD agents, bark beetles caused most C fluxes (61%), and total insect-induced C fluxes were about five times larger compared to non-insect agents, for example, pathogens and wildlife. Our findings further demonstrate that BD-induced C cycle impacts (i) displayed high spatio-temporal variability, (ii) were dominated by different agents across BD types and regions, and (iii) were comparable in magnitude to fire-induced impacts. This study provides the first ecosystem model-based assessment of BD-induced impacts on forest C cycling at the continental scale and going beyond single agent-host systems, thus allowing for comparisons across regions, BD types, and agents. Ultimately, a perspective on the potential and limitations of a more process-based incorporation of multiple BDs in ecosystem models is offered.

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“…Forest insect outbreaks are major disturbances by native or non-native insects, as they can be synchronous over large geographic areas and cause region-wide mortality of host trees in a relatively short period of time [9, 10, 11•, 12]. Disturbance due to forest insects have been recorded to increase land surface temperature and cause declines in gross primary productivity [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Insects and Climate Change

Roques²,

2018

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Purpose of Review Climate change affects populations of forest insect pests in a number of ways. We reviewed the most recent literature (2013-2017) on this subject including previous reviews on the topic. We provide a comprehensive discussion of the subject, with special attention to insect range expansion, insect abundance, impacts on forest ecosystems, and effects on forest insect communities. We considered forest insects according to their major guilds and biomes. Recent Findings Effects of climate change on forest insects are demonstrated for a number of species and guilds, although generalizations of results available so far are difficult because of species-specific responses to climate change. In addition, disentangling direct and indirect effects of climate change is complex due to the large number of variables affected. Modeling based on climate projections is useful when combined with mechanistic explanations. Summary Expansion of either the true range or the outbreak range is observed in several model species/groups of major insect guilds in boreal and temperate biomes. Mechanistic explanations are provided for a few species and are mainly based on increase in winter temperatures. In relation to insect abundance, climate change can either promote outbreaks or disrupt trophic interactions and decrease the severity of outbreaks. There is good evidence that some recent outbreaks of bark beetles and defoliating insects are influenced by climate change and are having a large impact on ecosystems as well as on communities of forest insects.

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Disturbance impacts on land surface temperature and gross primary productivity in the western United States

Cited by 27 publications

References 81 publications

Biophysical feedback of global forest fires on surface temperature

Biophysical feedback of global forest fires on surface temperature

Simulating the recent impacts of multiple biotic disturbances on forest carbon cycling across the United States

Forest Insects and Climate Change

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