District nurses' perspectives on health‐promotive and disease‐preventive work at primary health care centres: A qualitative study

Abstract

Background Health promotion and disease prevention are of utmost importance for sustainable health care and primary health care. District nurses play a key role in primary health care centres, where they meet people suffering from, and/or having risk factors for, non‐communicable diseases. Aim The study aim was to describe district nurses' perspectives on their health‐promotive/disease‐preventive work at primary health care centres. Methods Interviews were conducted with 16 district nurses at primary health care centres in Sweden. An interpretive descriptive approach was employed for the analysis. Findings The district nurses integrated a focus on health‐promotive and disease‐preventive work into every patient encounter, which manifested through four intertwined themes: finding opportunities and striving for visibility; building relationships; considering patients' life situations; and inviting patients to share responsibility. Our findings show how, through a flexible approach, the district nurses strived for equal health and care for all, and how the care was built on a shared responsibility between the district nurse and patient, where district nurses aimed to empower patients to take action for their own health. Conclusion The district nurses described health‐promotive endeavours, in line with person‐centred care in prioritising building relationships with patients, starting from their lived experience. They spoke of barriers, at both micro and macro levels, to health‐promotive/disease‐preventive work. These included language barriers, the impact of the media, and the overall organisation of primary health care. The work at primary health care centres should be restructured to clarify the district nurse's role, and to strengthen community outreach, and thereby improve individuals' access to support in lifestyle changes.

Healthcare professionals’ experiences of targeted health dialogues in primary health care

“…A shared focus provides space for THDs and counteracted deprioritisation when the workload was high. This is in accordance with another study that shows the importance of health promotion/disease prevention in primary health care [15]. On a macro level, there are national guidelines for unhealthy lifestyle habits, prevention and treatment in Sweden, which describes recommended ways of working with health promotion and changing lifestyle habits in accordance with the Health and Medical Service Act [20].…”

“…Insights into these experiences can identify opportunities, as well as obstacles, in the work with THDs. This is essential knowledge to further develop and improve THDs in order to prevent diseases and promote health for the entire population [15].…”