Distributions of neutron yields and doses around a water phantom bombarded with 290-MeV/nucleon and 430-MeV/nucleon carbon ions

Report on G4‐Med, a Geant4 benchmarking system for medical physics applications developed by the Geant4 Medical Simulation Benchmarking Group

“…As a comparative with other Monte Carlo engines, results from Satoh et al 2016 [119] using PHITS are shown and they agreed with Geant4 calculation within 1 standard deviation.…”

“…In the figure, the ratio between the calculated to experimental integrated yields is shown for several angles and materials. For the carbon ion case, the yields were integrated from 2 MeV as reported in Satoh et al 2016 [119]. As shown, for protons there exists an overall better agreement (within 2 standard deviations) between QGSP BIC HP and the experimental yield for all the angles and materials compared to QGSP BERT HP EMZ.…”

“…In summary, all electromagnetic physics constructors are able to successfully model the stopping of protons in water, whereas for 12 C beams only Opt3, Opt4, Livermore and Penelope are recommended. [117] and 1990 [118]; for carbon ions interacting in water the data was obtained from Satoh et al 2016 [119]. For protons, the Monte Carlo simulations modelled a cylindrical target irradiated with a uniformly distributed, zero divergence, monoenergetic (113 MeV or 256 MeV) proton beam with a radius equal to the radius of the target.…”

“…The target was a water phantom 18 cm thick. Detailed dimensions are shown in Satoh et al 2016 [119]. The neutron yield per incident primary particle per steradian per energy (equally spaced logarithmic energy intervals) was scored at specific angular bins.…”

“…This test, published in Bolst et al, 26 benchmarks Geant4's modeling of the fragmentation process against experimental measurements of a 12 C ion beam incident upon a water target performed at GSI. 119 The measured data includes fragment yields from hydrogen to boron for different thicknesses of water irradiated by a mono-energetic 400 MeV/u 12 C ion pencil beam, as well as the fragment's angular and energy distributions. The full results of the test can be downloaded from the geant-val web interface.…”