Distributions of Microdamage Are Altered Between Trabecular Rods and Plates in Cancellous Bone From Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of fragility fracture despite exhibiting normal to high bone mineral density (BMD). Conditions arising from T2DM, such as reduced bone turnover and alterations in microarchitecture, may contribute to skeletal fragility by influencing bone morphology and microdamage accumulation. The objectives of this study were (i) to characterize the effect of T2DM on microdamage quantity and morphology in cancellous bone, and (ii) relate the accumulation of microdamage to the cancellous microarchitecture. Cancellous specimens from the femoral neck were collected during total hip arthroplasty (T2DM: n = 22, age = 65 ± 9 years, glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] = 7.00% ± 0.98%; non‐diabetic [non‐DM]: n = 25, age = 61 ± 8 years, HbA1c = 5.50% ± 0.4%), compressed to 3% strain, stained with lead uranyl acetate to isolate microdamage, and scanned with micro–computed tomography (μCT). Individual trabeculae segmentation was used to isolate rod‐like and plate‐like trabeculae and their orientations with respect to the loading axis. The T2DM group trended toward a greater BV/TV (+27%, p = 0.07) and had a more plate‐like trabecular architecture (+8% BVplates, p = 0.046) versus non‐DM specimens. Rods were more damaged relative to their volume compared to plates in the non‐DM group (DVrods/BVrods versus DVplates/BVplates: +49%, p < 0.0001), but this difference was absent in T2DM specimens. Longitudinal rods were more damaged in the non‐DM group (DVlongitudinal rods/BVlongitudinal rods: +73% non‐DM versus T2DM, p = 0.027). Total damage accumulation (DV/BV) and morphology (DS/DV) did not differ in T2DM versus non‐DM specimens. These results provide evidence that cancellous microarchitecture does not explain fracture risk in T2DM, pointing to alterations in material matrix properties. In particular, cancellous bone from men with T2DM may have an attenuated ability to mitigate microdamage accumulation through sacrificial rods. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

Imaging techniques to study diabetic bone disease

“…Results of the study indicated a more robust trabecular bone microarchitecture in the T2D group with a more plate-like trabecular bone microarchitecture, less damage of longitudinal rods, and trends of higher bone volume fraction compared to the control group. Furthermore, while the nondiabetic group manifested higher accumulation of damage of rod-like trabeculae proportional to their volume than plate-like trabeculae, this difference was not significant in the T2D group [35].…”

The role of total bilirubin in bone mineral density among patients with type 2 diabetes older than 50 years

“…Compared to the healthy population, patients with T2DM have a higher risk of fractures, especially femur and lumbar spine fractures. In addition, given that it is often associated with various comorbidities, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, hepatic and renal insufficiency, and low immunity, this group of patients is expected to have higher mortality and social medical costs after fracture [3][4][5]. In terms of age, both men and women over the age of 50 are at high risk for both T2DM and osteoporosis.…”