Distributions of carbonate properties along the water column in the Mediterranean Sea: Spatial and temporal variations

Rivaro, Paola; Messa, Roberta; Massolo, Serena; Frache, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2010.05.003

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In the Mediterranean Sea, several studies have shown that the relationship between A T and S is linear (Copin-Montégut, 1993;Copin-Montégut and Bégovic, 2002;Hassoun et al, 2015b;Jiang et al, 2014;Rivaro et al, 2010;. In other studies, the sea surface temperature (T ) has been included as an additional proxy for changes in surface water A T related to convective mixing (Lee et al, 2006;Touratier and Goyet, 2011).…”

Section: Fitting a T In The Mediterranean Sea Surface Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Mediterranean Sea, available measurements of the carbonate system are still scarce and only available in specific regions such as the Alboran Sea (CopinMontégut, 1993), the Gibraltar Strait (Santana-Casiano et al, 2002), the DYFAMED (Dynamics of Atmospheric Fluxes in the Mediterranean Sea) time series in the Ligurian Sea Copin-Montégut and Bégovic, 2002;Touratier and Goyet, 2009), and the Otranto Strait (Krasakopoulou et al, 2011). Large geographical distribution of CO 2 data are often confined to cruises with a short sampling period (Álvarez et al, 2014;Goyet et al, 2015;Rivaro et al, 2010;Touratier et al, 2012). Numerical models have provided some insights into the carbon dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea (Cossarini et al, 2015;D'Ortenzio et al, 2008;Louanchi et al, 2009), but it remains important to constrain the system from in situ measurements to validate their output.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climatological variations of total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon in the Mediterranean Sea surface waters

et al. 2015

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Abstract. A compilation of data from several cruises between 1998 and 2013 was used to derive polynomial fits that estimate total alkalinity (A T ) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (C T ) from measurements of salinity and temperature in the Mediterranean Sea surface waters. The optimal equations were chosen based on the 10-fold cross-validation results and revealed that second-and third-order polynomials fit the A T and C T data respectively. The A T surface fit yielded a root mean square error (RMSE) of ± 10.6 µmol kg −1 , and salinity and temperature contribute to 96 % of the variability. Furthermore, we present the first annual mean C T parameterization for the Mediterranean Sea surface waters with a RMSE of ± 14.3 µmol kg −1 . Excluding the marginal seas of the Adriatic and the Aegean, these equations can be used to estimate A T and C T in case of the lack of measurements. The identified empirical equations were applied on the 0.25 • climatologies of temperature and salinity, available from the World Ocean Atlas 2013. The 7-year averages (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) showed that A T and C T have similar patterns with an increasing eastward gradient. The variability is influenced by the inflow of cold Atlantic waters through the Strait of Gibraltar and by the oligotrophic and thermohaline gradient that characterize the Mediterranean Sea. The summer-winter seasonality was also mapped and showed different patterns for A T and C T . During the winter, the A T and C T concentrations were higher in the western than in the eastern basin. The opposite was observed in the summer where the eastern basin was marked by higher A T and C T concentrations than in winter. The strong evaporation that takes place in this season along with the ultra-oligotrophy of the eastern basin determines the increase of both A T and C T concentrations.

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Section: Fitting a T In The Mediterranean Sea Surface Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatological variations of total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon in the Mediterranean Sea surface waters

et al. 2015

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“…Remarkably, the dpm values obtained in non-treated controls (radioactivity background) were comparable with those of formaldehyde-fixed, thus, unambiguously indicating the absence of any abiotic binding of 14 C-labeled bicarbonate. The ratio of 14 C-labelled bicarbonate to total inorganic C in the sample was determined using an average concentration of total TCO 2 of 2.29±0.01 mM, measured in seawater column in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea at the time of sampling (Rivaro et al, 2010). Following the equation that 10 mCi of [ 14 C]HCO 3 (52 mCi mmol À1 , Amersham Italia) added to the sample corresponds to 2.31 mg 14 C, one incorporated dpm means 177 pgC l À1 per day and according to Herndl et al (2005) was used for estimation of C uptake rates or values of dark ocean primary production.…”

Section: Measurements Of Co 2 Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of crenarchaeal autotrophic ammonia oxidizers to the dark primary production in Tyrrhenian deep waters (Central Mediterranean Sea)

et al. 2011

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Mesophilic Crenarchaeota have recently been thought to be significant contributors to nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) cycling. In this study, we examined the vertical distribution of ammonia-oxidizing Crenarchaeota at offshore site in Southern Tyrrhenian Sea. The median value of the crenachaeal cell to amoA gene ratio was close to one suggesting that virtually all deep-sea Crenarchaeota possess the capacity to oxidize ammonia. Crenarchaea-specific genes, nirK and ureC, for nitrite reductase and urease were identified and their affiliation demonstrated the presence of 'deep-sea' clades distinct from 'shallow' representatives. Measured deep-sea dark CO 2 fixation estimates were comparable to the median value of photosynthetic biomass production calculated for this area of Tyrrhenian Sea, pointing to the significance of this process in the C cycle of aphotic marine ecosystems. To elucidate the pivotal organisms in this process, we targeted known marine crenarchaeal autotrophy-related genes, coding for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (accA) and 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase (4-hbd). As in case of nirK and ureC, these genes are grouped with deepsea sequences being distantly related to those retrieved from the epipelagic zone. To pair the molecular data with specific functional attributes we performed [ 14 C]HCO 3 incorporation experiments followed by analyses of radiolabeled proteins using shotgun proteomics approach. More than 100 oligopeptides were attributed to 40 marine crenarchaeal-specific proteins that are involved in 10 different metabolic processes, including autotrophy. Obtained results provided a clear proof of chemolithoautotrophic physiology of bathypelagic crenarchaeota and indicated that this numerically predominant group of microorganisms facilitate a hitherto unrecognized sink for inorganic C of a global importance.

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“…pH was measured using a pH meter (Crison GLP21) calibrated with NBS buffers. The carbonate system speciation (pCO2, Uca and Uar) was calculated from pH nbs , temperature, salinity (38) and alkalinity (A T ¼ 2.5 mM; Rivaro et al, 2010) using CO2SYS (Lewis and Wallace, 1998) with dissociation constants from the study by Mehrbach et al (1973) refitted by Dickson and Millero (1987).…”

Section: Experimental Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results showed that fertilization success in A. lixula e measured as the number of cleaving embryos after 4 h e was robust to both ocean acidification (DpH ¼ À0.3) and warming for temperature <27 C. At higher temperature (27 C), fertilization success Table 1 Seawater carbonate chemistry during the experiment. The carbonate system speciation (pCO 2 , Uca and Uar) was calculated from pH nbs , temperature, salinity (38) and alkalinity (A T ¼ 2.5 mM; Rivaro et al, 2010) using CO2SYS (Lewis and Wallace, 1998 was dramatically reduced at less than 1%. The impact of ocean acidification (DpH < À0.7), alone (11 articles) or in combination with increased temperature (6 articles), on gametes and fertilization was tested on 15 other echinoderm species.…”

Section: Impact Of Ph and Temperature On Developmental Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature modulates the response of the thermophilous sea urchin Arbacia lixula early life stages to CO2-driven acidification

Gianguzza

Visconti

Gianguzza

et al. 2014

Marine Environmental Research

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a b s t r a c tThe increasing abundances of the thermophilous black sea urchin Arbacia lixula in the Mediterranean Sea are attributed to the Western Mediterranean warming. However, few data are available on the potential impact of this warming on A. lixula in combination with other global stressors such as ocean acidification. The aim of this study is to investigate the interactive effects of increased temperature and of decreased pH on fertilization and early development of A. lixula. This was tested using a fully crossed design with four temperatures (20, 24, 26 and 27 C) and two pH levels (pH NBS 8.2 and 7.9). Temperature and pH had no significant effect on fertilization and larval survival (2d) for temperature <27 C. At 27 C, the fertilization success was very low (<1%) and all larvae died within 2d. Both temperature and pH had effects on the developmental dynamics. Temperature appeared to modulate the impact of decreasing pH on the % of larvae reaching the pluteus stage leading to a positive effect (faster growth compared to pH 8.2) of low pH at 20 C, a neutral effect at 24 C and a negative effect (slower growth) at 26 C. These results highlight the importance of considering a range of temperatures covering today and the future environmental variability in any experiment aiming at studying the impact of ocean acidification.

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Distributions of carbonate properties along the water column in the Mediterranean Sea: Spatial and temporal variations

Cited by 48 publications

References 30 publications

Climatological variations of total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon in the Mediterranean Sea surface waters

Climatological variations of total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon in the Mediterranean Sea surface waters

Contribution of crenarchaeal autotrophic ammonia oxidizers to the dark primary production in Tyrrhenian deep waters (Central Mediterranean Sea)

Temperature modulates the response of the thermophilous sea urchin Arbacia lixula early life stages to CO2-driven acidification

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