Distributions of carbohydrates, including uronic acids, in estuarine waters of Galveston Bay

Hung, Chin‐Chang; Tang, D.; Warnken, Kent W.; Santschi, Peter H.

doi:10.1016/s0304-4203(00)00114-6

Cited by 119 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The high concentrations of PCHO observed in salt ponds of 100 to 250 ‰ salinity were significantly correlated with chl a (r 2 = 0.77, p < 0.01, n = 8; data not shown), indicating a major contribution by primary producers, as in other marine environments (Nausch & Kerstan 2003). MCHO concentrations measured at the inlet seem to be within the range of 3 to 27 µmol C l -1 reported for coastal surface samples (Myklestad et al 1997, Hung et al 2001. Interestingly, the concentration range of PCHO observed in high-salinity ponds in summer (15 to 579 mg l -1 ) is similar to the exopolysaccharide (EPS) yields of 35 to 370 mg l -1 in EPS-producing Haloarcula cultures (Nicolaus et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Seasonal study on ectoenzyme activities, carbohydrate concentrations, prokaryotic abundance and production in a solar saltern in Korea

Park¹,

Choi²,

Hwang³

et al. 2006

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Solar salterns in temperate climates commercially produce salt in the summer. To determine whether prokaryotic growth-related variables vary seasonally along the salinity gradient, ectoenzyme activities, prokaryotic abundance (PA), prokaryotic heterotrophic production (PHP) and environmental variables were measured in a solar saltern in 1999 and 2001. In low-salinity (i.e. <120 ‰) ponds, where marine bacteria are known to dominate the prokaryotic community, positive relationships of ectoenzyme activities with PA (aminopeptidase: r 2 = 0.51, p < 0.01, n = 16; β-glucosidase: r 2 = 0.57, p < 0.01, n = 17), temperature (β-glucosidase: r 2 = 0.56, p < 0.01, n = 17) and PHP (aminopeptidase: r 2 = 0.25, p < 0.05, n = 16) were observed, as also reported for ordinary marine environments. However, in high-salinity (i.e. ≥120 ‰) ponds, the relationships became insignificant or weak, and a strongly negative relationship between aminopeptidase activity and salinity (r 2 = 0.71, p < 0.01, n = 19) was found. Thus, the high salinity seems to significantly reduce ectoenzyme activities. In high-salinity ponds (120 to 390 ‰) per-cell ectoenzyme activities decreased by as much as 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, substrate-addition and temperature-treatment experiments indicated that limiting factors for PHP vary seasonally in the saltern. PHP was limited by organic compounds (i.e. glucose and an amino acid mixture) in the spring at a salinity of 120 ‰ and by osmoregulatory substances (i.e. betaine) in the summer at salinities of 260 to 390 ‰, and temperature in the autumn at 29 to 213 ‰. Despite the dominant influence of high salinity on prokaryotic activities, relationships between prokaryotic parameters varied seasonally both in low-salinity and in high-salinity ponds. Thus, it seems that prokaryotic variables along the salinity gradient in the saltern are controlled by different factors over seasonal cycles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Seasonal study on ectoenzyme activities, carbohydrate concentrations, prokaryotic abundance and production in a solar saltern in Korea

Park¹,

Choi²,

Hwang³

et al. 2006

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…In the field experiments, there was no significant difference in DOC concentrations between the experimental and control chambers. An abundance of macrophytic material could explain the elevated DOC concentrations in comparison to another field study in the Gulf of Mexico (0.24 to 0.58 mg C l -1 ; Hung et al 2001) and bacterial decomposition of POM could account for a low signal-to-noise ratio of DOC. Concentrations of DOC in laboratory experiments more closely resembled those of the aforementioned field studies in the Gulf of Mexico.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Production of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) by the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica

McKee¹,

Ward²,

MacDonald³

et al. 2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) play an important role in aggregation, phytoplankton bloom dynamics and the fate of organic carbon. Various types of plankton are known to release exopolymers that contribute to the TEP pool. Little is known, however, about other potential sources of TEP and TEP precursors in the oceans, especially in nearshore waters. Suspension-feeding bivalves can form dense assemblages in coastal waters and can process large volumes of water during feeding activities (e.g. 5 l h -1 g -1 dry wt). They secrete mucus to maintain clean body surfaces and to aid in capturing and transporting food material. We hypothesized that mucopolysaccharides, which are released from bivalves in dissolved or particulate form, contribute to the TEP pool. To test this hypothesis, laboratory experiments were carried out to measure the concentration of TEP and DOC in chambers with actively feeding oysters Crassostrea virginica over a 9 h period. Field experiments were conducted to measure TEP and DOC production by oysters in situ, using clear Plexiglas chambers on an intertidal sand-flat in New Brunswick, Canada. TEP concentrations were determined with an Alcian blue staining technique and spectrophotometric detection. DOC concentrations were determined using high-temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO) with a platinum catalyst. Laboratory results indicated that oysters significantly enhanced TEP and DOC concentrations compared to control levels over 9 h. Likewise, field experiments demonstrated elevated TEP concentrations in experimental chambers compared to control treatments. Our results support the hypothesis that oysters contribute to the production of TEP in coastal marine ecosystems.

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“…But it is also likely that mechanical lifting of the polymer field must be parameterized, or that multiple layer effects need to be incorporated. A portion of the dissolved polysaccharide is acidic (Hung et al 2001), so that the abundant divalent cations of seawater may act as bridging ions to attach the sugars as cooperative layers. In future computations, numerical connections could be made with the rising bubble field, buoyant particle types and multilevel isotherms to augment vertical transport through the water column.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global distribution and surface activity of macromolecules in offline simulations of marine organic chemistry

et al. 2015

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Organic macromolecules constitute a high percentage of remote sea spray. They enter the atmosphere through adsorption onto bubbles followed by bursting at the ocean surface, and go on to influence the chemistry of the fine mode aerosol. We present a global estimate of mixed-layer macromolecular distributions, driven by offline marine systems model output. The approach permits estimation of oceanic concentrations and bubble film surface coverages for several classes of organic compound. Mixed layer levels are computed from the output of a global ocean ecodynamics model by relating the macromolecules to standard biogeochemical tracers. Steady state is assumed for labile forms, and for longer-lived components we rely on ratios to existing transported variables. Adsorption is then represented through conventional Langmuir isotherms, with equilibria deduced from laboratory analogs. Open water concentrations locally exceed one micromolar carbon for the total of proteins, polysaccharides and refractory heteropolycondensates. The shorter-lived lipids remain confined to regions of strong biological activity. Results are evaluated against available measurements for all compound types, and agreement is generally well within an order of magnitude. Global distributions are further estimated for both fractional coverage of bubble films at the air-water interface and the two-dimensional concentration excess. Overall, we show that macromolecular mapping provides a novel tool for the comprehension of oceanic surfactant patterns. These results may prove useful in planning

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Distributions of carbohydrates, including uronic acids, in estuarine waters of Galveston Bay

Cited by 119 publications

References 49 publications

Seasonal study on ectoenzyme activities, carbohydrate concentrations, prokaryotic abundance and production in a solar saltern in Korea

Seasonal study on ectoenzyme activities, carbohydrate concentrations, prokaryotic abundance and production in a solar saltern in Korea

Production of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) by the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica

Global distribution and surface activity of macromolecules in offline simulations of marine organic chemistry

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