Distributional changes of the kelp community at a subtidal reef after the subsidence caused by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake

Suzuki, Haruka; Aoki, Tomoya; Kubo, Yuki; Endo, Hikaru; Agatsuma, Yukio; Aoki, Masakazu

doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2017.05.009

Cited by 10 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…3) is probably attributable mainly to the subsidence rather than the tsunami waves due to the GEJE. The post-earthquake slow and prolonged change of the Eisenia bed is similar to a delayed or a time-lagged change observed in the intertidal (Noda et al 2016) and subtidal communities (Suzuki et al 2017) affected by the subsidence due to the GEJE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In the subsided Eisenia community of the coastal area along the Oshika Peninsula, a time-lagged decline (i.e. a decline which is not seen until some time after an event) of the kelp bed can be predicted near the deep edge because of the continued existence of old plants and a lack of recruits (Suzuki et al 2017). At our survey site in Shizugawa Bay, the gradual and prolonged upward shifting process of the subsided Eisenia bed has been observed for over 2 years after the GEJE (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) (moment magnitude = 9.0), which occurred off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Region of Japan (epicenter 38 06 0 12.0"N, 142 51 0 36.0 00 E) on 11 March 2011, induced tsunami waves and sea floor movements. The huge tsunami waves and coseismic seafloor subsidence affected the coastal communities in northeastern areas along the Pacific coast of Honshu (Okoshi 2012;Seike et al 2013;Takami et al 2013Takami et al , 2017Urabe et al 2013;Kawamura et al 2014;Noda et al 2016;Muraoka et al 2017;Suzuki et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, impacts of subsidence on rocky intertidal communities were demonstrated by monitoring the communities before and after the GEJE at 23 sites along the Sanriku Coast (Noda et al 2016). In addition, on the basis of an underwater monitoring survey which has been conducted since July 2011 (four months after the GEJE), the effects of subsidence on the subtidal kelp community were documented on a rocky shore of the Oshika Peninsula along the Sanriku Coast (Suzuki et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐term changes in a kelp bed of Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell due to subsidence caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake in Shizugawa Bay, Japan

Sakanishi

Kurashima

Dazai³

et al. 2018

Phycological Research

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SUMMARY We monitored an Eisenia bicyclis kelp bed during a survey of the rocky coast subtidal zone of Shizugawa Bay, the Sanriku Coast, northeastern Honshu, Japan, from 23 July 2008, to detail the biodiversity, which was subsequently directly impacted by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). To assess temporal changes in abundance of the dominant canopy forming kelp E. bicyclis and in the distribution patterns of macroalgae along a water depth gradient, percent coverage of macroalgae has been observed in permanent quadrats set near the lower limit of the Eisenia bed and in quadrats set along a water depth gradient. The GEJE, which induced huge tsunami waves and coseismic seafloor subsidence, occurred during the monitoring survey period and also affected the coastal communities in Shizugawa Bay. After the GEJE, the cover of E. bicyclis within the permanent quadrats near the lower limit of E. bicyclis gradually declined, and reached zero by July 2014. Also in the line transect survey, the offshore (deep) edge of the Eisenia bed showed a tendency to shift shoreward (upward) after the GEJE; the Eisenia bed near the pre‐earthquake offshore (deep) edge declined and finally disappeared after the GEJE. Combined with results of the permanent quadrat and line transect surveys, the post‐earthquake gradual decline and subsequent complete disappearance of the Eisenia bed within the permanent quadrats probably indicates an upward shift of the deep edge of the subsided kelp bed. Gradual change in the E. bicyclis bed over 2 years after the GEJE is a unique opportunity to document the response of a kelp bed to coseismic subsidence, demonstrating the slow and prolonged recovery process of E. bicyclis to subsidence caused by the mega‐earthquake to the pre‐earthquake depth zone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐term changes in a kelp bed of Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell due to subsidence caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake in Shizugawa Bay, Japan

Sakanishi

Kurashima

Dazai³

et al. 2018

Phycological Research

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“…In our survey area, the effects of subsidence caused by the March 2011 earthquake on the subtidal kelp community had been monitored since July 2011 (Suzuki et al 2017). During our monitoring survey, breakwater restoration work following subsidence started in the same area from July 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of breakwater restoration work following the subsidence caused by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake on the subtidal kelp population

Suzuki

Aoki

Inomata

et al. 2019

Phycological Research

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SUMMARY We conducted a 5‐year monitoring survey of a population of Eisenia bicyclis kelp at a coastal area that suffered subsidence from the 2011 earthquake and the subsequent breakwater restoration work. Due to subsidence, the former intertidal area sank to the subtidal zone, therefore, the density of E. bicyclis increased because of many recruits. However, after the restoration work, the area harboring the recruits was destroyed and landfilled. In an area that sank below the pre‐subsidence border of the kelp distribution, recruits were rare. Furthermore, an indirect effect of the restoration work was also observed on recruitment in the intact offshore kelp zone. Our results showed that the breakwater restoration work following subsidence had negative effects, not only to the density but also to the age structure of the E. bicyclis population.

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Loss and replacement of macroalgal standing stock and productivity after a major environmental disturbance

Mangan,

Tait,

Gerrity

et al. 2023

Ecosphere

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Habitat‐forming macroalgae are widely recognized as one of the most productive ecosystems on earth. However, relatively little is known about the variation in productivity over large spatiotemporal scales and the relative importance of environmental and biotic factors in influencing the quantity of carbon fixed. Here we leverage a large tectonic event to understand how fluctuations in the biomass of habitat‐forming macroalgae and changes in light availability influence primary productivity along 130 km of coastline over 5 years. We also quantify the effects of changes to species composition on primary productivity. This study revealed significant implications of a compromised light environment for the biomass of macroalgae and productivity rates. Immediately post‐earthquake, there was a substantial loss of biomass (an average of −83%) of a previously dominant large brown alga, Durvillaea spp., and very limited recovery of biomass over the next 5 years. Reductions in biomass coupled with changes in light attenuation resulted in average net primary production (NPP) from Durvillaea decreasing from 1130 g C m−2 year−1 before the earthquake to 192 g C m−2 year−1 after 5 years. Partial compensation of reduced NPP was facilitated by increases in the biomass of a smaller fucoid Carpophyllum maschalocarpum, but its productivity was considerably less on average, resulting in a reduction in carbon fixation. Overall, reductions in biomass resulted in a 2‐fold to 10‐fold drop in carbon fixation by canopy‐forming macroalgae over at least 5 years, while a degradation of the light environment further compromised primary productivity, and most likely detrital subsidies of organic matter to the nearshore ecosystem.

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Distributional changes of the kelp community at a subtidal reef after the subsidence caused by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

Long‐term changes in a kelp bed of Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell due to subsidence caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake in Shizugawa Bay, Japan

Long‐term changes in a kelp bed of Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell due to subsidence caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake in Shizugawa Bay, Japan

Effect of breakwater restoration work following the subsidence caused by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake on the subtidal kelp population

Loss and replacement of macroalgal standing stock and productivity after a major environmental disturbance

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