Distribution Voltage Regulation Using Extremum Seeking Control With Power Hardware-in-the-Loop

Johnson, Jay; Summers, Adam; Darbali-Zamora, Rachid; Hernández-Alvídrez, Javier; Quiroz, Jimmy Edward; Arnold, Dan; Anandan, Jithendar

doi:10.1109/jphotov.2018.2869758

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Extremum seeking control (ESC) is a real-time optimization technique for multi-agent, nonlinear, and infinite-dimensional systems [33][34][35][36]. The decentralized, model free control algorithm operates by adjusting the reactive power to optimize measured outputs, in this case, feeder voltage.…”

Section: Extremum Seeking Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These parameters were chosen based on prior experience with ESC simulations and laboratory demonstrations [33][34][35][36], and a systematic debugging process that considered communication latencies, DER power factor (PF) accuracies, and prior lessons learned. The sequence to implement ESC control follows:…”

Section: Extremum Seeking Control Parameter Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a real-time communication-based optimization technique called extremum seeking control (ESC) [33][34][35][36]; 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of DER Voltage Regulation Technologies Using Real-Time Simulations

et al. 2020

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Grid operators are now considering using distributed energy resources (DERs) to provide distribution voltage regulation rather than installing costly voltage regulation hardware. DER devices include multiple adjustable reactive power control functions, so grid operators have the difficult decision of selecting the best operating mode and settings for the DER. In this work, we develop a novel state estimation-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) for distribution voltage regulation using DER-reactive power setpoints and establish a methodology to validate and compare it against alternative DER control technologies (volt–VAR (VV), extremum seeking control (ESC)) in increasingly higher fidelity environments. Distribution system real-time simulations with virtualized and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL)-interfaced DER equipment were run to evaluate the implementations and select the best voltage regulation technique. Each method improved the distribution system voltage profile; VV did not reach the global optimum but the PSO and ESC methods optimized the reactive power contributions of multiple DER devices to approach the optimal solution.

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Section: Extremum Seeking Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extremum Seeking Control Parameter Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of DER Voltage Regulation Technologies Using Real-Time Simulations

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, references [23], [24] develop ES control algorithms to modulate the power injections of distributed energy resources for voltage regulation. In [25], hardware-in-the-loop experiments are conducted to verify the viability of a ES-based voltage control scheme. Despite these progresses, one major limitation of existing ES algorithms is that the constraints are not well addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Free Optimal Voltage Control via Continuous-Time Zeroth-Order Methods

Chen,

Poveda,

2021

Preprint

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In power distribution systems, the growing penetration of renewable energy resources brings new challenges to maintaining voltage safety, which is further complicated by the limited model information of distribution systems. To address these challenges, we develop a model-free optimal voltage control algorithm based on projected primal-dual gradient dynamics and continuous-time zeroth-order method (extreme seeking control). This proposed algorithm i) operates purely based on voltage measurements and does not require any other model information, ii) can drive the voltage magnitudes back to the acceptable range, iii) satisfies the power capacity constraints all the time, iv) minimizes the total operating cost, and v) is implemented in a decentralized fashion where the privacy of controllable devices is preserved and plug-and-play operation is enabled. We prove that the proposed algorithm is semi-globally practically asymptotically stable and is structurally robust to measurement noises. Lastly, the performance of the proposed algorithm is further demonstrated via numerical simulations.

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“…The work was carried out using offline simulations. A first implementation of ES control for managing PV inverters' reactive power injections was carried out by a group at Sandia National Lab [3]. In their work, a single dimension ES controller was tested in power hardware-in-the-loop (P-HIL) experiments to validate the approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIL-validation of an Extremum Seeking-based Controller for Advanced DER Management

Baudette

Arnold

Breaden³

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE Power &Amp; Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)

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Paradigm shifts in electricity generation are leading to more renewable and distributed energy resources (DER) on the grid. There is a strong interest to utilize these resources for various grid services, but the practicality of commanding multiple DER is often an obstacle to such approaches. In this article, we seek to validate through Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation an extremum seeking (ES) based control scheme proposed in previous work. The method aggregates and coordinates multiple distributed controllers to offer transmission grid level services. The HIL validation uses a prototype real-time implementation of the controller's logic on distributed devices and photovoltaic (PV) inverters operating on a simulated utility distribution feeder. Several grid services, including load following and voltage regulation, were validated to demonstrate the deployment feasibility of the ES control approach on equipment already installed on the grid.

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Distribution Voltage Regulation Using Extremum Seeking Control With Power Hardware-in-the-Loop

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

A Comparison of DER Voltage Regulation Technologies Using Real-Time Simulations

A Comparison of DER Voltage Regulation Technologies Using Real-Time Simulations

Model-Free Optimal Voltage Control via Continuous-Time Zeroth-Order Methods

HIL-validation of an Extremum Seeking-based Controller for Advanced DER Management

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