Distribution, toxicity, interactive effects, and detection of ochratoxin and deoxynivalenol in food: A review

Ganesan, Abirami Ramu; Mohan, Kiran; Rajan, Durairaj Karthick; Pillay, Arti; Thavamani, Palanisami; Sathishkumar, P.; Conterno, Lorenza

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131978

Cited by 77 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…The secondary metabolites produced by fungi, i.e., mycotoxins, exist in the production, processing, and storage of agricultural products (mainly cereals) [ 1 , 2 ]. Ingestion of mycotoxin leads to its accumulation in organs and tissues of humans and animals, even a low dose of mycotoxin can cause severe damage and poisoning [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithocholic Acid Alleviates Deoxynivalenol-Induced Lethal Cholesterol Metabolic Abnormalities in IPI-2I Cells

et al. 2022

Metabolites

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Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite of fungi. Ingestion of feed containing DON causes severe intestinal damage in humans and animals, possibly due to cholesterol-enriched lipid raft abnormalities. Cholic acid (CA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) are metabolites of cholesterol transformation, which have been proven to benefit epithelial cell proliferation and reduce intestinal inflammation and lesions. Therefore, we aimed to study the protective roles of CA and LCA administration on the DON-exposed intestinal epithelial cells (IPI-2I) and the underlying mechanisms involved in cholesterol metabolism. We found that LCA pretreatment, but not CA, alleviated the reduction of cell numbers caused by DON exposure. Furthermore, we demonstrate that LCA restored the DON-induced cell apoptosis by reducing the cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP-1 expression. DON-increased cellular cholesterol and bile acid contents were significantly reduced when LCA was co-treated. Further transcriptomic analysis revealed that the aberrant cholesterol homeostasis genes profile was observed in the cells exposed to DON or pretreated with LCA. We also validated that the key genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and transformation (cholesterol to bile acids) were strongly inhibited by the LCA treatment in the DON-exposed cells. Together, this study demonstrated that LCA ameliorated DON-caused toxic apoptosis in IPI-2I cells by maintaining cholesterol metabolism. We suggest that as an endogenous metabolite, LCA may be used as a therapeutic and/or integrated into a dietary intervention against mycotoxin toxicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithocholic Acid Alleviates Deoxynivalenol-Induced Lethal Cholesterol Metabolic Abnormalities in IPI-2I Cells

et al. 2022

Metabolites

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“…Ochratoxins are thermostable subordinate metabolites produced by fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. 1 They present a prominent threat to food security and public health owing to their nephrotoxic, immunosuppressive, teratogenic, and carcinogenic properties. 2 Given the high water activity of foods, ochratoxin contamination can occur in the procedure of processing, transport, and storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ochratoxins are thermostable subordinate metabolites produced by fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium . They present a prominent threat to food security and public health owing to their nephrotoxic, immunosuppressive, teratogenic, and carcinogenic properties .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Biosensor for Ochratoxin A Detection in Grains Using an Enzyme-Mediated Click Reaction and Polystyrene Nanoparticles

Wei

Wang

Chen

2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Herein, we develop an optical biosensor for highly sensitive and facile detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) using an enzyme-mediated click reaction for signal amplification and polystyrene nanoparticles (PNPs) for signal readout. Alkaline phosphatase was employed to hydrolyze the ascorbic acid-phosphate to generate ascorbic acid, which reduces Cu(II) to Cu(I). Cu(I) can catalyze the click reaction between alkyne-functionalized magnetic beads and azide-functionalized PNPs to form complexes, while unbound PNPs acted as the signal probe. This strategy utilized the high efficiency of click chemistry and the inherent optical absorption properties of PNPs, which effectively improved the sensitivity of conventional immunoassays and simplified the procedures using magnetic separation technology. This optical biosensor enabled OTA detection in a linear range of 0.1 to 50 ng/mL with a detection limit of 54 pg/mL. Moreover, it has been successfully challenged with OTA detection in maize samples, revealing its potential as a promising tool for mycotoxin screening.

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“…The US Food and Drug Administration has stated that foods eaten by humans should contain less than 1 ppm of vomitoxin . An overdose of vomitoxin can lead to illness of varying degrees from vomiting and jaundice to cancer and even death . On the other hand, the stability of vomitoxin makes it difficult to eliminate it by the high temperature generated during cooking .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 An overdose of vomitoxin can lead to illness of varying degrees from vomiting and jaundice to cancer and even death. 6 On the other hand, the stability of vomitoxin makes it difficult to eliminate it by the high temperature generated during cooking. 7 Additionally, cereals are prone to generate high levels of vomitoxin when they are stored in a place of high humidity, or the temperature is approximately 30 °C.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetrazole-Containing Triphenylamine-Based MOF as a Sensitive Sensor for Food Inspection

et al. 2022

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A new metal–organic framework (MOF) with tetrazole-derived triphenylamine (TPA) as the ligand, namely Mn–TPA, has been successfully prepared and thoroughly characterized via thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, UV–vis absorption, fluorescence analysis, bond valence sum calculations, and single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The undulating monolayer of Mn–TPA can hinder the interaction and tight stacking among analytes, which creates a bionic microenvironment for the electrochemical recognition process. Mn–TPA exhibits high specific surface area, stable film-forming capacity, excellent electrochemical activity, and good biocompatibility. Furthermore, the developed Mn–TPA-based immunosensing system exhibits an excellent limit of detection of 0.50 pg·mL–1 toward vomitoxin, which is more outstanding than that of the reported vomitoxin-sensing system. Thus, this work shows the great potential of a well-designed MOF as an easy-to-make and highly sensitive electrochemical platform for biosensing in food safety detection and other fields.

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Distribution, toxicity, interactive effects, and detection of ochratoxin and deoxynivalenol in food: A review

Cited by 77 publications

References 117 publications

Lithocholic Acid Alleviates Deoxynivalenol-Induced Lethal Cholesterol Metabolic Abnormalities in IPI-2I Cells

Lithocholic Acid Alleviates Deoxynivalenol-Induced Lethal Cholesterol Metabolic Abnormalities in IPI-2I Cells

Optical Biosensor for Ochratoxin A Detection in Grains Using an Enzyme-Mediated Click Reaction and Polystyrene Nanoparticles

Tetrazole-Containing Triphenylamine-Based MOF as a Sensitive Sensor for Food Inspection

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