Distribution, sources and risk of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor dusts from electronic repair workshops in southern Nigeria

Iwegbue, Chukwujindu M. A.; Obi, Grace; Uzoekwe, S.A.; Egobueze, Francis E.; Odali, Eze W.; Tesi, Godswill O.; Nwajei, Godwin E.; Martincigh, Bice S.

doi:10.1016/j.emcon.2018.12.003

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…International scholars have generally researched exposure models and health prediction using atmospheric emission reduction as a means of assessing human risk from PAHs in recent years (Bootdee et al, 2016;Iwegbue et al, 2019;Azimi-Yancheshmeh et al, 2021). While governments from various countries have long been committed to PAH emission reduction and control, recent observations indicate that the atmospheric concentration of PAHs is not declining (Yu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study

Guo

Chen

Liu³

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Between 2018 and 2022, a total of 231 PM2.5 samples were collected in Nantong, China, and analyzed online for 16 US EPA PAHs utilizing a variety of analytical methodologies, including high-performance liquid chromatography data analysis, principal component analysis, and characteristic ratio analysis. The seasonal variation and pollution characteristics of 16 PAHs in PM2.5 over a long period in Nantong, China, were analyzed, and correlations and traceability changes with a variety of emission sources were established. Additionally, health assessment models for BaP equivalent concentration, daily exposure dose, lifetime excess risk of cancer, and life expectancy loss were constructed for various ages and genders. The results indicated that the total number of days with BaP concentrations less than the national limit standard of 1.0 ng/m3 was 60.17% (139/231), with rates of 25.40%, 35.71%, and 94.05% from 2019 to 2021, respectively; the total concentration range of 16 PAHs demonstrated a downward trend, but pollution was relatively severe in winter. The seasonal variation showed winter > autumn > spring > summer. The detection rates of 4 and 5 rings were generally high and fluctuated between dropping and increasing. Principal factor analysis and characteristic ratio traceability analysis indicated that PAH pollution is primarily caused by local coal-fired sources and traffic emissions, with a new trend of biomass combustion. Furthermore, BaP remains the primary contributor to carcinogenic factors, and the health risk is higher in females than in males, and in adults than in children. A low level of PAHs in the air may have health benefits. Traffic control and flow restrictions, as well as production restrictions, are all part of Nantong’s COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control policies. These policies contributed to PAH risk prevention and control, as well as pollution reduction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study

Guo

Chen

Liu³

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…They are present ubiquitously in the environment and eventually enter the human body through three main routes: inhalation, ingestion and dermal absorption [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. They can be absorbed into air particles, with carcinogenic and mutagenic properties [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ranks PAH congeners at 9 of 275 in a priority list of hazardous substances due to the potential severe health threat for humans and the environment [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Particulate PAHs on Potential Genotoxicity and Cancer Risk among School Children Living Near the Petrochemical Industry

Sopian

Jalaludin

Bakar

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This study aimed to assess the association of exposure to particle-bound (PM2.5) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with potential genotoxicity and cancer risk among children living near the petrochemical industry and comparative populations in Malaysia. PM2.5 samples were collected using a low-volume sampler for 24 h at three primary schools located within 5 km of the industrial area and three comparative schools more than 20 km away from any industrial activity. A gas chromatography–mass spectrometer was used to determine the analysis of 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority PAHs. A total of 205 children were randomly selected to assess the DNA damage in buccal cells, employing the comet assay. Total PAHs measured in exposed and comparative schools varied, respectively, from 61.60 to 64.64 ng m−3 and from 5.93 to 35.06 ng m−3. The PAH emission in exposed schools was contributed mainly by traffic and industrial emissions, dependent on the source apportionment. The 95th percentiles of the incremental lifetime cancer risk estimated using Monte Carlo simulation revealed that the inhalation risk for the exposed children and comparative populations was 2.22 × 10−6 and 2.95 × 10−7, respectively. The degree of DNA injury was substantially more severe among the exposed children relative to the comparative community. This study reveals that higher exposure to PAHs increases the risk of genotoxic effects and cancer among children.

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“…where DI nc is the daily intake via ingestion of non-carcinogenic PAHs, obtained by Equation (1), and R f D is the reference dose. The oral ingestion R f D values were taken from Iwegbue et al [57].…”

Section: Health Risk Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Dust: Loadings and PM10-Bound Plasticizers and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Vicente

Nunes

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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Residential dust is recognized as a major source of environmental contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and plasticizers, such as phthalic acid esters (PAEs). A sampling campaign was carried out to characterize the dust fraction of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 µm (PM10), using an in situ resuspension chamber in three rooms (kitchen, living room, and bedroom) of four Spanish houses. Two samples per room were collected with, at least, a one-week interval. The PM10 samples were analyzed for their carbonaceous content by a thermo-optical technique and, after solvent extraction, for 20 PAHs, 8 PAEs and one non-phthalate plasticizer (DEHA) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In general, higher dust loads were observed for parquet flooring as compared with tile. The highest dust loads were obtained for rugs. Total carbon accounted for 9.3 to 51 wt% of the PM10 mass. Plasticizer mass fractions varied from 5 µg g−1 to 17 mg g−1 PM10, whereas lower contributions were registered for PAHs (0.98 to 116 µg g−1). The plasticizer and PAH daily intakes for children and adults via dust ingestion were estimated to be three to four orders of magnitude higher than those via inhalation and dermal contact. The thoracic fraction of household dust was estimated to contribute to an excess of 7.2 to 14 per million people new cancer cases, which exceeds the acceptable risk of one per million.

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Distribution, sources and risk of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor dusts from electronic repair workshops in southern Nigeria

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study

Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study

Exposure to Particulate PAHs on Potential Genotoxicity and Cancer Risk among School Children Living Near the Petrochemical Industry

Household Dust: Loadings and PM10-Bound Plasticizers and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

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