Distribution, Sources, and Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water from Beiluo River, Loess Plateau, China

Guo, Jipu; Chen, Wenwu; Wu, Menglei; Qu, Chengkai; Sun, Haotian; Guo, Jiahua

doi:10.3390/toxics11060496

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The concentrations of lindane, endosulfan α, dieldrin, and 4,4 ′ -DDT were an order of magnitude lower than the drinking water samples from cocoa-growing areas in Ghana [40] and considerably lower (by three orders of magnitude) than in the drinking water in Yucatan, Mexico [44]. Total OCP concentrations were comparable with the sum of OCPs in the Beiluo River, Loess Plateau, China, used as drinking and household water [45], and lower than in the Yangtze River, used as a drinking water source [46].…”

Section: Organochlorine Pesticides In Watermentioning

confidence: 82%

Organochlorine Pesticides in Dairy Cows’ Diet and the Carryover into Milk in NW Romania

Miclean,

Levei,

Cadar

2024

Sustainability

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Since modern agriculture relies on high volumes of chemical pesticides, monitoring the exposure to these dangerous substances in feed and the food chain is crucial. This study investigates the transfer of organochlorine pesticide (OCP) from water, soil, and feed to milk in free-range dairy cows using the carryover rates (CORs) and biotransfer factors (BTFs) from feed to milk as tools that can be used for human and animal risk assessments. BTFs can predict the transfer of OCPs into milk due to cows’ ingestion of contaminated feed. Samples were collected from ten small-scale dairy cow farms located near Baia Mare city, NW Romania, identified for distributing fresh milk in the local market. After the appropriate extraction was performed, the OCP concentrations were measured by gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector and randomly confirmed using mass spectrometry. The most prominent compounds in the soil, feed, and milk samples were hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites. The concentrations of OCPs were lower than the maximum admissible values in feed, water, soil, and milk. The CORs of OCPs varied over four orders of magnitudes, from 0.10% (2,4′–dichlorodiphenylchloroethylene, 2,4′–DDE) to 250% (4,4′–dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, 4,4′–DDT). Similar to CORs, the values of BTFs varied largely, from 0.0001 to 1.408. Additionally, the values higher than the unit for some BTFs could be due to the accumulation and biomagnification of these organochlorine compounds in the animal body. The cows’ dietary exposure was evaluated by the estimated daily intake (EDI), considering the three components of ingestion (feed, water, and soil), and varied in the range of 0.0008–0.3509 µg/day/body weight (bw).

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Section: Organochlorine Pesticides In Watermentioning

confidence: 82%

Organochlorine Pesticides in Dairy Cows’ Diet and the Carryover into Milk in NW Romania

Miclean,

Levei,

Cadar

2024

Sustainability

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“…Their persistence in the environment varies from moderate to high, as can be observed in Table 1. Data from Table 1 were collected from information provided by the following resources: [6,[16][17][18][19][20][21]. Concerning the OCP and metabolite levels in water, there are guideline values set by the WHO to protect human health and maximum acceptable levels/standards set by different countries.…”

Section: Main Characteristics Of Ocps and Their Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include agricultural runoff, the discharge of wastewater from industrial plants, leakage from storage sites, rainfall, and atmospheric deposition. Aquatic ecosystems frequently serve as the ultimate repository for these compounds, representing the terminal link in their accumulation chain [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Water Monitoring via Analytical Techniques and Protocols Applied in the Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides

Madjar,

Vasile Scăețeanu,

Sandu

2024

Sustainability

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Water contamination with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) is strongly linked to agricultural practices, and it still represents an environmental issue, despite the OCPs bans in many countries and despite the reported sustainable remediation technologies for their removal. Considering the environmental persistence of OCPs, the imbalances produced in the ecosystem, and the bioaccumulation tendency in living organisms through the food chain, the monitoring of OCPs and of their metabolites has crucial importance. The accuracy of the results obtained is strongly connected to the selection of reliable and accurate analytical procedures, especially considering the multitude of challenges related to OCP quantification. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the analytical techniques and protocols reported for OCP assessment in water, and to offer scientists a presentation of the current state of the literature on this subject. Nevertheless, it must be considered that each method has advantages and disadvantages, and, in most cases, the protocols reported in the literature must be adapted and improved. In addition, the levels of OCPs identified in surface water, groundwater, and rainwater have been reviewed. This review paper is directly connected to sustainability practices, since environmental sustainability is related to the responsibility to conserve natural resources and to prevent pollution, and for scientists, these objectives are fulfilled by conducting chemical analyses to track and quantify pollutants, as part of environmental studies.

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“…Since the 1940s, it has been widely used all over the world because of its strong insecticidal efficacy [1]. OCPs can be divided into two categories: one is chlorobenzene and its derivatives, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and hexachlorobenzene, and the other is organochlorine pesticides based on cyclopentadiene, including chlordane, heptachlor, endosulfan and so on [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. OCPs have the characteristics of low volatility, stable chemical properties, not easy to decompose, long residue period, insoluble in water, soluble in fat and organic solvents, high persistence, bioaccumulation and biotoxicity [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although OCPs were widely banned in the 1970s and 1980s, they were still common in soil and groundwater [2][3][4][5], surface water [6][7][8][9], the atmosphere [17,18], ocean [19][20][21][22][23], river sediments [24], lakes [25], lake sediments [26], marine sediments [27], wetlands [28], snow [29], agricultural areas [30] and other environments. OCPs in animals [11,12], plants [12,13] and other organisms were detected, and human health was affected [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine Pesticides in Soil–Groundwater–Plant System in a Famous Agricultural Production Area in China: Spatial Distribution, Source Identification and Migration Prediction

Li,

Qi,

Wang

et al. 2023

Water

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Being a famous hometown of vegetables in China, Shouguang City has a long history of vegetable cultivation and is a comprehensive national commodity base for vegetables and fruits. In recent decades, with the expansion of agricultural production, the use of pesticides is increasing. Although organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been banned, there are still some residues in soil, groundwater and other media. The study on the migration of the OCPs in soil and groundwater is of great importance for the maintenance of food security. Using methods of hydrogeological survey, laboratory testing and numerical simulation, the spatial distribution characteristics, sources and pollution degree of OCPs in soil and groundwater were analyzed, and the migration and transformation of OCPs in soil–groundwater was dynamically simulated and predicted. The study showed that there were many kinds of OCPs residual in the soil environment. The hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) in the topsoil of the study area were mainly due to the use of lindane, and the main source of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) in soil was the use of DDTs in history. The contents of HCHs, DDTs and hexachlorobenzene in the topsoil of the study area were at a low level, while the content of endosulfan metabolite endosulfan sulfate was comparatively higher. In recent years, the content of organochlorine pesticides in soil has generally decreased. The indexes of OCPs in groundwater can meet the Standards for Drinking Water quality of China. It was predicted that the HCH pollutants would mainly be distributed in Gucheng Street, Shangkou Town, and its south area where the concentration exceeds 3 ng/L exceeds that of 240 km2. DDT pollutants would mainly be distributed in the east and north of Shouguang City, where the concentration beyond 0.6 ng/L exceeds that of 200 km2. Endosulfan sulfate pollutants would mainly be distributed in the Gucheng Street Office, Shangkou Town, and its south area where the concentration exceeds 1.5 ng/L will exceed that of 150 km2. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) pollutants would mainly be distributed in Fengcheng in the west of Shouguang City and Nancha River in the northeast, where the concentration exceeds 0.2 ng/L will exceed that of 200 km2. The study enriched the monitoring data of OCPs in agricultural planting areas and provided reference for source analysis, migration prediction, and pollution prevention of OCPs.

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Distribution, Sources, and Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water from Beiluo River, Loess Plateau, China

Cited by 6 publications

References 71 publications

Organochlorine Pesticides in Dairy Cows’ Diet and the Carryover into Milk in NW Romania

Organochlorine Pesticides in Dairy Cows’ Diet and the Carryover into Milk in NW Romania

Sustainable Water Monitoring via Analytical Techniques and Protocols Applied in the Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides

Organochlorine Pesticides in Soil–Groundwater–Plant System in a Famous Agricultural Production Area in China: Spatial Distribution, Source Identification and Migration Prediction

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