Distribution, source and health risk assessment based on the Monte Carlo method of heavy metals in shallow groundwater in an area affected by mining activities, China

Jiang, Chunlu; Zhao, Qing; Zheng, Lu; Chen, Xing; Li, Chang; Ren, Mengxi

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112679

Cited by 101 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The carcinogenic risk can be calculated using the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and the total cancer risk (TCR) represents the sum of the potential carcinogenic risks. The relevant calculation y Equations are as follows [28]:…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MCS is a probabilistic and statistical-mathematical theory widely applied when selecting parameters for uncertainty analysis in risk assessment [38]. The exposure parameters, heavy metal concentrations, and the selection of health risk assessment models are the three main factors contributing to the uncertainty analysis of risk assessment [28]. In this study, MCS is employed to handle both uncertainty in heavy metal concentrations (Cw) and exposure parameters (such as exposure frequency (EF), exposure duration (ED) and ingestion rate (IR) of groundwater).…”

Section: Monte Carlo Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https:// www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/ijerph19137827/s1, Table S1: Parameters used for calculation of water quality index (WQI); Table S2: Exposure parameters used for health risk assessment calculations in this study; Table S3: Values of reference dose (RfD) and carcinogenic slope factor (CSF) in different pathways; Table S4: Uncertain concentration (µg/L) of heavy metals (HMs) in groundwater of Hainan Island; Table S5: Principal component analysis of heavy metals in groundwater of Hainan Island; Table S6: Summary statistics for 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 95th percentile non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks based on Monte Carlo simulation using Crystal Ball (vs. 11.1.2.4); Table S7: Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks via different pathways; Figure S1: Spatial distribution of the concentrations (µg/L) of groundwater heavy metals in study area; Figure S2: Spatial distribution of (a) the water quality index (WQI) and (b) pollution evaluation index (PEI); Figure S3: The country's key monitoring enterprises in Hainan province in 2015. References [22,28,29,31,35,37,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] are cited in the supplementary materials.…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further investigate the contribution of different pollution sources to the health risk, this study quantifies the health risk of HMs from different pollution sources in groundwater based on the coupling of the APCS/MLR model and the HRA model. In addition, previous studies on the health risk of HMs in groundwater have mainly focused on the regional scale such as rural, mining, agricultural areas, and cities [28,29], whereas related studies on larger scale islands were limited. Hainan Island is China's experimental zone of reform and opening-up, with a unique geographical location and rich natural resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Groundwater of Hainan Island Using the Monte Carlo Simulation Coupled with the APCS/MLR Model

Shi

Zeng

Peng

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Groundwater is a significant component of water resources, but drinking groundwater with excessive heavy metals (HMs) is harmful to human health. Currently, quantitative source apportionment and probabilistic health risk assessment of HMs in groundwater are relatively limited. In this study, 60 groundwater samples containing seven HMs were collected from Hainan Island and analyzed by the coupled absolute principal component scores/multiple linear regression (APCS/MLR), the health risk assessment (HRA) and the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) to quantify the pollution sources of HMs and the health risks. The results show that the high-pollution-value areas of HMs are mainly located in the industry-oriented western region, but the pollution level by HMs in the groundwater in the study area is generally low. The main sources of HMs in the groundwater are found to be the mixed sources of agricultural activities and traffic emissions (39.16%), industrial activities (25.57%) and natural sources (35.27%). Although the non-carcinogenic risks for adults and children are negligible, the carcinogenic risks are at a high level. Through analyzing the relationship between HMs, pollution sources, and health risks, natural sources contribute the most to the health risks, and Cr is determined as the priority control HM. This study emphasizes the importance of quantitative evaluation of the HM pollution sources and probabilistic health risk assessment, which provides an essential basis for water pollution prevention and control in Hainan Island.

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Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monte Carlo Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Groundwater of Hainan Island Using the Monte Carlo Simulation Coupled with the APCS/MLR Model

Shi

Zeng

Peng

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Heavy metal pollution in soil is a critical issue worldwide, particularly in agricultural fields due to food safety concerns [1][2][3][4]. Various sources can contribute to the release of heavy metals into the environment, including industrial areas [5], smelting activities [6,7], and abandoned mines [8][9][10]. Heavy metal pollution in soil or water can be a concern because of its toxicity, persistency, bioaccumulation, and leaching into groundwater [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Combined Soil Amendment on Immobilization of Bioavailable As and Pb in Paddy Soil

Hong

Kim

Lee

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Heavy metal pollution in soil can have detrimental effects on soil ecosystems and human health. In situ remediation techniques are widely used to reduce the bioavailable fractions of heavy metals in soil. The main objective of this study was to examine the reduction of the bioavailable fractions of As and Pb in paddy soil with artificial lightweight material (ALM) manufactured from recycled materials. A total of four treatments, including a control (no amendment), ALM10 (10% of ALM in soil), ALM10+L (10% ALM combined with 0.5% lime), and ALM10+FeO (10% ALM combined with 0.5% FeO), were applied to paddy fields, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) was cultivated after 32 weeks. The highest reduction efficiencies for the bioavailable fractions of As and Pb in soil were observed in the ALM10+FeO (52.8%) and ALM10+L treatments (65.7%), respectively. The uptake of As decreased by 52.1% when ALM10+FeO was applied to paddy soil, and that of Pb decreased by 79.7% when ALM10+L was applied. Correlation analysis between bioavailable heavy metals in soil and soil chemical properties showed that soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), P2O5, and soil organic matter (SOM) were the main factors controlling the mobility and bioavailability of As and Pb. Overall, the efficiencies of As and Pb reduction increased synergistically in both soil and plants when FeO and lime were combined with the ALM. In future studies, long-term monitoring is necessary to examine the longevity of soil amendments.

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Source and Distribution of Heavy Metal and Their Effects on Human Health

Chowdhury,

Rahman

2024

Environmental Science and Engineering

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Distribution, source and health risk assessment based on the Monte Carlo method of heavy metals in shallow groundwater in an area affected by mining activities, China

Cited by 101 publications

References 36 publications

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Groundwater of Hainan Island Using the Monte Carlo Simulation Coupled with the APCS/MLR Model

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Groundwater of Hainan Island Using the Monte Carlo Simulation Coupled with the APCS/MLR Model

Effect of Combined Soil Amendment on Immobilization of Bioavailable As and Pb in Paddy Soil

Source and Distribution of Heavy Metal and Their Effects on Human Health

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