Distribution, recruitment, and geomorphic significance of large woody debris in an alluvial forest stream: Tonghi Creek, southeastern Australia

Webb, Ashley A.; Erskine, Wayne D.

doi:10.1016/s0169-555x(02)00327-6

Cited by 78 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The results from the isotopic dating analysis are consistent with previous studies of residence times of LWD in streams, which suggest that wood can remain in channels for decades to centuries (Webb and Erskine, 2003;Gurnell et al, 2005). In addition, the existence of a slope threshold implies that occurrence and spatial distribution of FGCM deposits are predictable, in the sense that accumulation of sediment in FGCM deposits is apparently restricted to reaches with slopes lower than 0·0025.…”

Section: The Origin and Nature Of Fgcm Depositssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Along the South River, LWD is signifi cantly smaller than the channel width, and as a result, the distribution of wood is governed by channel morphology (Hess, 2007), unlike smaller headwater channels, where the wood itself controls pool and riffl e spacing and other elements of fl uvial morphology (Abbe and Montgomery, 1996;Gurnell et al, 2002;Webb and Erskine, 2003). Once LWD has accumulated along the river banks, hydraulic processes control the development of FGCM deposits.…”

Section: The Origin and Nature Of Fgcm Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The distribution and residence time of suspended sediment stored within the channel margins of a gravel‐bed bedrock river

Skalak

Pizzuto

2010

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Previously undocumented deposits are described that store suspended sediment in gravel-bedded rivers, termed 'fi ne-grained channel margin' (FGCM) deposits. FGCM deposits consist of sand, silt, clay, and organic matter that accumulate behind large woody debris (LWD) along the margins of the wetted perimeter of the single-thread, gravel-bed South River in Virginia. These deposits store a total mass equivalent to 17% to 43% of the annual suspended sediment load. Radiocarbon, 210 Pb and 137 C dating indicate that sediment in FGCM deposits ranges in age from 1 to more than 60 years. Reservoir theory suggests an average turnover time of 1·75 years and an annual exchange with the water column of a mass of sediment equivalent to 10% to 25% of the annual sediment load. The distribution of ages in the deposits can be fi tted by a power function, suggesting that sediment stored in the deposits has a wide variety of transit times. Most sediment in storage is reworked quickly, but a small portion may remain in place for many decades. The presence of FGCM deposits indicates that suspended sediment is not simply transported downstream in gravel-bed rivers in agricultural watersheds: signifi cant storage can occur over decadal timescales. South River has a history of mercury contamination and identifying sediment sources and sinks is critical for documenting the extent of contamination and for developing remediation plans. FGCM deposits should be considered in future sediment budget and sediment transport modeling studies of gravel-bed rivers in agricultural watersheds.

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Section: The Origin and Nature Of Fgcm Depositssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: The Origin and Nature Of Fgcm Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution and residence time of suspended sediment stored within the channel margins of a gravel‐bed bedrock river

Skalak

Pizzuto

2010

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Field surveys of the volume and spatial distribution of wood in rivers have documented signifi cant variation according to differences in geology, climate, topography, stream size, and human activities within the watershed (see Gurnell et al, 2002 for review plus Baillie and Davies, 2002;Kraft and Warren, 2003; Van der Nat et al, 2003;Webb and Erskine, 2003;Comiti et al, 2006;Lassettre et al, 2008;Mao et al, 2008a). Mass balances (Benda and Sias, 2003) and physical descriptions of wood mobility Grant, 2000, 2001; Bocchiola et al, 2006a, b;Manners and Doyle, 2008) have been formulated to provide a quantitative framework to understand this variability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the temporal dynamics of wood in large rivers: field trials of wood surveying, dating, tracking, and monitoring techniques

MacVicar

Piégay

Henderson³

et al. 2009

Earth Surf Processes Landf

128

115

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Wood plays an important role in stream ecology and geomorphology. Previous studies of wood in rivers have quantifi ed spatial distributions but temporal dynamics remain poorly documented. The lack of such data is related to limitations of existing methods, especially when applied to large rivers. Five techniques are fi eld-tested to assess their utility for quantifying the temporal dynamics in rivers: repeated high-resolution aerial surveys, the measurement of wood physical characteristics as proxies for 14 C dating, passive and active radio frequency identifi cation (RFID) tags, radio transmitters, and video. The spatial distribution of wood is surveyed using aerial imagery with a resolution fi ner than 0·10 m. The estimation of temporal trends by repeated aerial-based surveys needs to consider vegetation growth and hiding. Wood residence times can be calculated using 14 C analysis, but the assessment of wood physical characteristics including decay status and wood density offers a cheaper, if less accurate, alternative. Wood resistance to penetration is tested but results are not signifi cant. Radio transmitters are reliable for multi-year (~5 year) surveys and can be detected at 800 m. Passive RFID tags are limited by a read range of 0·30 m but are reliable for longer term (>5 year) studies. Active RFID tags combine a moderate read range (10-300 m) and low cost with in-fl ood detection but require more testing. Video monitoring of wood passing on the surface of a river is successfully implemented. For a single fl ood on the Ain River (France), wood transport rates are an order of magnitude higher on the rising limb of the hydrograph than on the falling limb. Overall, the techniques improve the ability to gather the data needed to understand wood transfer processes and calibrate budgets of wood in rivers.

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“…Branches, and even whole trees, can break off or fall down during strong winds and these can end up in the channel and be washed downstream. During flooding, more area is covered by water and debris deposited on higher ground might be mobilized by the expanded channel flow [16]. Once the debris is entrained in a stream, it generally travels a random distance depending on the length and size of the debris, the width and depth of the streambed, flow velocities and the number of obstacles, as well as the distance between them [10,17].…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Relationship Between Rainfall Intensity, Catchment Vegetation and Debris Mobility

Jaeger¹

2017

GEOMATE

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Urbanisation creates the need for engineered hydraulic structures in catchments, floodplains and watercourses. These include piped and open-channel drainage networks, flood control systems and waterway crossings such as culverts and bridges. During larger storm events, debris and other material located higher in the catchment can be mobilised and transported towards these hydraulic structures creating the potential for blockages. This debris is often trapped by the hydraulic structures, causing partial or full blockage which can reduce the flow capacity of the structure. This may cause upstream flooding during high intensity rainfall events. This study investigated the debris transport behaviour in a natural channel. A model of an existing catchment and culvert system in Australia was build based on Froude similitude scaling. Different sized twigs were used to replicate natural debris of various sizes. The experimental results demonstrated that the mobility of debris during rainfall events was dependent on a range of factors including stream depth and width, the size and availability of debris, and on the condition of the riparian vegetation within the catchment. This could have significant implications for culvert design and maintenance procedures.

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Distribution, recruitment, and geomorphic significance of large woody debris in an alluvial forest stream: Tonghi Creek, southeastern Australia

Cited by 78 publications

References 37 publications

The distribution and residence time of suspended sediment stored within the channel margins of a gravel‐bed bedrock river

The distribution and residence time of suspended sediment stored within the channel margins of a gravel‐bed bedrock river

Quantifying the temporal dynamics of wood in large rivers: field trials of wood surveying, dating, tracking, and monitoring techniques

Investigating the Relationship Between Rainfall Intensity, Catchment Vegetation and Debris Mobility

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