Distribution, prevalence and health risk assessment of fluoride and arsenic in groundwater from lower Gangetic plain in West Bengal, India

De, Ayan; Mridha, Deepanjan; Joardar, Madhurima; Das, Antara; Chowdhury, Nirmalya; Roychowdhury, Tarit

doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100722

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…2 This region is characterized by a confined aquifer enveloped in a thick layer of unconsolidated sediment from the Quaternary age. 2,8 The district mostly belongs to the lower Gangetic basin in West Bengal and the main source of drinking water comes from a confined aquifer. 9 Sonarpur is a community development block located at 22°26′18″N and 88°25′55″E which consists of 11 areas and 1 municipality area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). 2,11 All the samples were transported to the laboratory and stored at 4 °C until further analysis. 2 A total number of 219 households were surveyed and information was collected on their use of drinking and cooking purposes for affordable water costs during the second time collection of groundwater samples.…”

Section: −mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calibration was performed using the same combination solution containing Total Ionic Strength Adjusting Buffer III (TISAB-III) (Orion 940911, Thermo Scientific) in a ratio of 1:10 (buffer:sample). 2 The ion meter was calibrated with a slope from −58 to −62 mV/dec prior to the F − estimation. EC was measured using a Systronics conductivity meter 306 and pH was measured using a pH meter (Model: CL 46+, Toshcon Industries Pvt.…”

Section: Analysis Of Physicochemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed estimation method of F − and other physiochemical parameters are described in our earlier publications. 2,11 2.4. Single Factor Pollution Index.…”

Section: −mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Twenty, out of 29 states across the southern and western parts of India have been reported as fluoride-endemic regions. 2 Most of the inhabitants in these endemic states rely on groundwater from different water sources for their everyday needs. 3 Different techniques are effective to remediate F − -contaminated water in both rural and urban regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Groundwater Fluoride Dynamics in the Lower Gangetic Plain Including Natural Influences with Economic and Health Issues

De,

Das,

Joardar

et al. 2024

ACS EST Water

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The lower Gangetic Plain in West Bengal, India, has previously been reported to have groundwater fluoride (F − ) contamination and its hazard; however, more information was needed about the precise location of contamination. The current study highlighted these knowledge gaps covering the toxicity of F − through groundwater by emphasizing the role of hydrogeochemical attributions in F − mobilization, people's socioeconomic behavior, and assessing the possible health risks of the local population. Approximately, 10% of groundwater samples exceeded the recommended value of F − with a moderate contamination factor. The groundwater is highly saline (Na−Cl type) in nature. The intermediate zone between the area of 'rock dominance' and 'precipitation dominance' controlled the leaching of F − from host silicate minerals to groundwater. The saturation index established geogenic activity as the responsible factor and found silicate weathering mineral muscovite for F − leaching in groundwater. The average utility cost for 20 L of safe drinking water was US$ 7.58 per month from affordable households. Total hazard quotient (THQ) was observed maximum for infants and significant ingestion rate (IR), body weight (BW), and body surface area (SA) were the responsible factors for the studied age groups. Fluoride-safe drinking water supply strategies are a necessary step in the studied area.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: −mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of Physicochemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed estimation method of F − and other physiochemical parameters are described in our earlier publications. 2,11 2.4. Single Factor Pollution Index.…”

Section: −mentioning

confidence: 99%