Distribution patterns of mulberry dwarf phytoplasma in reproductive organs, winter buds, and roots of mulberry trees

Jiang, Hua; Wei, Wei; Saiki, Tomoko; Kawakita, Hiromu; Watanabe, Kenji; Sato, Mamoru

doi:10.1007/s10327-004-0103-1

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These results are in agreement with the findings of Jiang et al (8), who used direct and nested PCR to detect mulberry dwarf (MD) phytoplasma in seed coats but not in seed embryos of MD-affected mulberry. No symptoms of the disease were observed in the resulting seedlings from seed of infected mulberry and seed transmission of this disease did not occur (8).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Witches'-Broom Disease of Lime Affects Seed Germination and Seedling Growth But Is Not Seed Transmissible

et al. 2011

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Faghihi, M. M., Bagheri, A. N., Bahrami, H. R., Hasanzadeh, H., Rezazadeh, R., Siampour, M., Samavi, S., Salehi, M., and Izadpanah, K. 2011. Witches'-broom disease of lime affects seed germination and seedling growth but is not seed transmissible. Plant Dis. 95:419-422.Witches'-broom disease of lime (WBDL), caused by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia', has devastated many Mexican lime orchards and is currently a threat to lime production in neighboring provinces of southern Iran. Several reports have suggested transmission and spread of WBDL phytoplasma through the seed of infected plants. In the present study, claims of seed transmission of this phytoplasma were examined. Fruit were collected from infected trees in the infested areas of Minab (Hormozgan Province) and from symptomless trees in noninfested areas. Lime seed from symptomless and witches'-broomaffected trees were sown in separate beds in an insect-proof screenhouse and the resulting seedlings were examined for phytoplasmal infection. Leaf, stem, and root samples were collected from both groups of seedlings every 3 months for 2 years and tested for WBDL phytoplasma using direct and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Repeated PCR tests on the seedlings did not reveal the presence of phytoplasmal DNA. Likewise, symptoms of the disease were not observed on these seedlings after 2 years. PCR assays detected the phytoplasma in coats of some seed from infected trees; however, no excised embryos were positive for the phytoplasma. All positive PCR results were confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.One-year-old seedlings derived from seed of noninfected plants appeared more vigorous in terms of height, number of leaves, and fresh weight of shoot compared with those from infected trees. The germination percentage, mean daily germination, peak value, and germination value were significantly higher for seed of fruit from noninfected trees and seed from fruit on asymptomatic branches of infected trees than those from fruit on symptomatic branches of infected trees.Witches'-broom disease of lime (WBDL), caused by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia' was found first in a small area in southern Iran in 1997 (17). Since then, WBDL has spread to many areas, devastating Mexican lime plantations in major lime-growing provinces of Hormozgan, Sistan-Baluchistan, and Kerman (16). In the field, the phytoplasma is naturally spread by the vector leafhopper Hishimonus phycitis (18). The pathogen has been experimentally transmitted to several species of citrus by graft inoculation, and to periwinkle and a number of solanaceous plants such as tomato, eggplant, and tobacco by dodder or graft inoculation (19)(20)(21). Several studies have focused on the detection of WBDL phytoplasma in various parts of the lime seed. were the first to suggest the possibility of seed transmission of WBDL phytoplasma. Later, Khan (9) used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to study seed transmission of WBDL phytoplasma in 6-month-old seedlings. Based on this repo...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Witches'-Broom Disease of Lime Affects Seed Germination and Seedling Growth But Is Not Seed Transmissible

et al. 2011

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“…We cannot rule out the possibility of multiple infections of different branches of citrus trees by psyllid transmissions (2). Consequently, the pathogen can move freely through the sieve pores along with the assimilate flow from leaves to sugarconsuming plant organs, as observed with phytoplasma (5,13). Detection of 'Ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Planta Distribution of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ as Revealed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Real-Time PCR

Satyanarayana¹,

Sagaram²,

Gowda³

et al. 2008

Phytopathology®

242

193

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Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most devastating diseases of citrus worldwide, and is caused by a phloem-limited fastidious prokaryotic alpha-proteobacterium that is yet to be cultured. In this study, a combination of traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR targeting the putative DNA polymerase and 16S rDNA sequence of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus,' respectively, were used to examine the distribution and movement of the HLB pathogen in the infected citrus tree. We found that 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' was distributed in bark tissue, leaf midrib, roots, and different floral and fruit parts, but not in endosperm and embryo, of infected citrus trees. Quantification analysis of the HLB bacterium indicated that it was distributed unevenly in planta and ranged from 14 to 137,031 cells/mug of total DNA in different tissues. A relatively high concentration of 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' was observed in fruit peduncles. Our data from greenhouse-infected plants also indicated that 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' was transmitted systemically from infection site to different parts of the plant. Understanding the distribution and movement of the HLB bacterium inside an individual citrus tree is critical for discerning its virulence mechanism and to develop management strategies for HLB.

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“…It is susceptible to a number of diseases2, among which yellow dwarf disease associated with aster yellows phytoplasma is one of the most devastating diseases3. Phytoplasmas are obligate endocellular parasites lacking cell walls, and have devastating effects on more than several hundred plant species worldwide4.…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of phytoplasma-responsive sRNAs provide insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of mulberry yellow dwarf disease

Gai

Guo

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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The yellow dwarf disease associated with phytoplasmas is one of the most devastating diseases of mulberry and the pathogenesis involved in the disease is poorly understood. To analyze the molecular mechanisms mediating gene expression in mulberry-phytoplasma interaction, the comprehensive sRNA changes of mulberry leaf in response to phytoplasma-infection were examined. A total of 164 conserved miRNAs and 23 novel miRNAs were identified, and 62 conserved miRNAs and 13 novel miRNAs were found to be involved in the response to phytoplasma-infection. Meanwhile, target genes of the responsive miRNAs were identified by sequencing of the degradome library. In addition, the endogenous siRNAs were sequenced, and their expression profiles were characterized. Interestingly, we found that phytoplasma infection induced the accumulation of mul-miR393-5p which was resulted from the increased transcription of MulMIR393A, and mul-miR393-5p most likely initiate the biogenesis of siRNAs from TIR1 transcript. Based on the results, we can conclude that phytoplasma-responsive sRNAs modulate multiple hormone pathways and play crucial roles in the regulation of development and metabolism. These responsive sRNAs may work cooperatively in the response to phytoplasma-infection and be responsible for some symptoms in the infected plants.

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Distribution patterns of mulberry dwarf phytoplasma in reproductive organs, winter buds, and roots of mulberry trees

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Witches'-Broom Disease of Lime Affects Seed Germination and Seedling Growth But Is Not Seed Transmissible

Witches'-Broom Disease of Lime Affects Seed Germination and Seedling Growth But Is Not Seed Transmissible

In Planta Distribution of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ as Revealed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Real-Time PCR

Analysis of phytoplasma-responsive sRNAs provide insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of mulberry yellow dwarf disease

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