Distribution pattern of apicomplexan parasites (Sporozoa: Haemosporida) in Columba livia, Gmelin

Abstract

During 39 months of sampling, the prevalence of apicomplexan parasites (Haemoproteus and Plasmodium) was studied in Columba livia Gmelin of Rohilkhand region, UP, India, according to the sex of the host, different seasons and host localities. Out of 266 pigeons sampled, 148 pigeons were positive for Haemoproteus at a prevalence of 55.63%. Only 18 pigeons (2.67%) had a dual Haemoproteus and Plasmodium infection and 130 pigeons (48.87%) had Haemoproteus infection. No pigeons were positive for Plasmodium alone. Parasite incidence in relation to the sex of the host indicated a higher infestation in females (62.79%) as compared to males (57.65%). The overall highest infectivity of parasites was recorded during the summer season (82.85%) followed by spring season (59.37%) and least in the winter season (42.30%). It was also observed that Haemoproteus occurred at diverse infectivity in C. livia from different localities (Badaun 51.35%, Bareilly 57.14%, and Shajahanpur 58.06%) whereas Plasmodium was recorded at 11.18% only from Bareilly. The intensity of the parasite was highest (2.77/100 RBC) at Shahjahanpur.

Prevalence of malaria parasites in indigenous chickens and ducks in selected districts of Bangladesh

“…Senlik et al(2005) in USA and Gupta et al (2011) in India reported higher infection in female birds (62.8% and 55.0%, respectively). But the result is contrary with the previous report of O 'Dell and Robbins (1994) who reported higher prevalence in male ducks (19.7%) than in female (18.0%) in USA.…”

“…This finding was almost similar to Okanga et al (2013) who detected higher prevalence in weaver birds of South Africa during late summer (16.0%) than winter (10.0%) season with significant seasonal difference. In India Gupta et al (2011) recorded highest infectivity of pigeon malaria during the summer season (82.9%) followed by spring season (59.4%) and least in the winter season (42.3%). Moreover, Senlik et al (2005) found highest infection rate in autumn (44%) while the lowest in spring in Iran.…”

Phylogeny, Diversity, Distribution, and Host Specificity of Haemoproteus spp. (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae) of Palaearctic Tortoises

“…(Gupta et al. ). Due to the more restricted habitats of reptiles and their lower mobility compared with other animal groups, the expected diversity of reptilian haemoparasites is higher than in mammals and/or birds (Telford ).…”

“…The incidence and intensity of infection may also be affected by other factors, such as the susceptibility of the host, host vector preference, and the relative abundance of hosts and vectors, etc. (Gupta et al 2011). Due to the more restricted habitats of reptiles and their lower mobility compared with other animal groups, the expected diversity of reptilian haemoparasites is higher than in mammals and/or birds (Telford 2009).…”

Prevalence of blood protozoa in poultry in Tangail, Bangladesh

“…According to [31] in Missouri (U.S.A.) and [32] in Atlantic Flyway, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of blood protozoa in male and female ducks. Higher rate of infection is recorded by [33] in India (62.79% and 57.65%) and [34] in Turkey (62.5% and 52.6%) in female and male pigeon, respectively. [19] reported the lower prevalence in pigeons in different areas of Bangladesh.…”