Distribution, origin and transport process of boulders deposited by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami at Pakarang Cape, Thailand

Terrestrial Laser Scanner techniques in the assessment of tsunami impact on the Maddalena peninsula (south-eastern Sicily, Italy)

“…Undoubtedly, when a tsunami arrives at the coastline it is already broken; its velocity is dramatically decreasing due to its friction on the bottom and length and period values are also changing. The only effective force on the cliff/sloping coast is exerted by the water hammer effect due to the increasing of the wave height since the impact on the coast and the backwash due to its partial reflection (Goto et al, 2009a). Since the lack of eyewitness, the use of morphological evidence is the only instrument to reconstruct the event and to characterise its features.…”

“…One of the most impressive evidence of extreme wave impact on the rocky coasts is represented by the presence of mega-boulders, sparse or accumulated in field or berms (Mastronuzzi andSansò, 2000, 2004;Williams and Hall, 2004;Hall et al, 2006Hall et al, , 2008Scheffers and Scheffers, 2006;Mastronuzzi et al, 2007;Scicchitano et al, 2007;Goto et al, 2009aGoto et al, , b, 2010a. The post-event surveys performed after the impact of the Indian Ocean Tsunami (IOT), occurred on December 26, 2004, have permitted to recognise morphological/sedimentological effects of its impact and, in the same time, to extend all obtained results on coastal sectors where similar evidences were recognised (e.g.…”

“…The reply to this scientific question was the increase of the number of papers examining the nature of these landforms/sediments, focusing their attention on the wave forces necessary to detach, transport and deposit boulders of different size and weight (e.g. Nott, 1997Nott, , 2003Noormets et al, 2004;Scheffers and Kelletat, 2005;Kelletat et al, 2006Mastronuzzi et al, 2006;Scheffers, 2006Scheffers, , 2008Goto et al, 2007Goto et al, , 2010bScicchitano et al, 2007;Imamura et al, 2008;Kelletat, 2008;Benner et al, 2010;Goff et al, 2010;Regnauld et al, 2010).…”

“…In the boulder accumulation process, is the impacting wave height more important compared to the wave length and to the wave period? Different theories have been proposed in the recent time, but the final reply is still far away (Nott, 2003;Goto et al, 2007Goto et al, , 2009bGoto et al, , 2010bHansom et al, 2008;Imamura et al, 2008;Pignatelli et al, 2009;Barbano et al, 2010). The more easy reply is that if a wave can be described by height, length and period, the best way to evaluate its impact on a rocky coast should consider these parameters all together.…”

地層中に存在する古津波堆積物の調査

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