Distribution, origin and projections of nitric oxide synthase-containing neurons in gut and pancreas

Ekblad, Eva; Alm, Per; Sundler, F.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90019-1

Cited by 153 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…During recent years, nerve fibres not strictly related to the sympathetic, parasympathetic or sensory nervous system have also been found in the endocrine pancreas, e. g. nerve fibres stained for a marker of nitric oxide synthase in islets [113]. This suggests that nitric oxide nerves participate in the regulation of islet function, which is supported by the finding that inhibition of nitric oxide synthase inhibits insulin secretion induced by 2-DG in mice [114].…”

Section: Other Nervesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Autonomic regulation of islet hormone secretion - Implications for health and disease

2000

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Section: Other Nervesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Autonomic regulation of islet hormone secretion - Implications for health and disease

2000

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“…Thirdly, EGCs have recently been shown to be the only cells within the ENS that are immunoreactive for L-arginine (Nagahama et al, 2001), a substrate required for the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. NO is a mediator of intercellular signaling and is considered an important neurotransmitter in the ENS since NO synthase (NOS) immunoreactive neurons account for 20%-30% of ENS neurons Llewellyn-Smith et al, 1992;Ekblad et al, 1994;Timmermans et al, 1994). Therefore, EGCs may represent a major source of L-arginine in the ENS, transferring it to neurons when required.…”

Section: Neuroprotective and Neuromodulatory Functions Of Egcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of enteric glial cells in inflammatory bowel disease

Cabarrocas

Savidge

Liblau

2002

Glia

159

154

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Enteric glial cells (EGCs) represent an extensive but relatively poorly described cell population within the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating data suggest that EGCs represent the morphological and functional equivalent of CNS astrocytes within the enteric nervous system (ENS). The EGC network has trophic and protective functions toward enteric neurons and is fully implicated in the integration and the modulation of neuronal activities. Moreover, EGCs seem to be active elements of the ENS during intestinal inflammatory and immune responses, sharing with astrocytes the ability to act as antigen-presenting cells and interacting with the mucosal immune system via the expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors. Transgenic mouse systems have demonstrated that specific ablation of EGC by chemical ablation or autoimmune T-cell targeting induces an intestinal pathology that shows similarities to the early intestinal immunopathology of Crohn's disease. EGCs may also share with astrocytes the ability to regulate tissue integrity, thereby postulating that similar interactions to those observed for the blood-brain barrier may also be partly responsible for regulating mucosal and vascular permeability in the gastrointestinal tract. Disruption of the EGC network in Crohn's disease patients may represent one possible cause for the enhanced mucosal permeability state and vascular dysfunction that are thought to favor mucosal inflammation. GLIA 41:81-93, 2003.

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“…In addition to these classical neurotransmitters and their coexisting neuropeptides, peptidergic neurons containing the neuropeptides VIP (Larsson et al 1978 ;Sundler et al 1978 ;Bishop et al 1980), neuropeptide Y (NPY) (Su et al 1987), galanin (Gal) (Lindskog et al 1991 ;McDonald et al 1992) and the neurotransmitter nitric oxide (Ekblad et al 1994 ;De Giorgio et al 1992) have also been identified in the pancreatic parenchyma of various species ; they are believed to interact with the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and noradrenaline in regulating islet secretion (see review by Brunicardi et al 1995).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitric oxide has been associated with the regulation of pancreatic blood flow and insulin release. The synthesising enzyme nNOS has been found in β-cells of rats (Schmidt et al 1992) and chickens (Ekblad et al 1994 ;Liu et al 1994) and NO may therefore play a regulatory role in islet hormone secretion (Jansson & Sandler, 1991 ;Ekblad et al 1994).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptidergic hormones and neuropeptides, and aminergic neurotransmitters of the pancreatic islets of the Houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata)

et al. 2000

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Immunoreactivity to insulin (Ins), somatostatin (Som), glucagon (Glu) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) was found in 70 %, 22 %, 15 % and 11 % respectively of Houbara pancreatic endocrine islet cells. Whilst Ins occurred centrally and SOM was observed both in peripherally and centrally located islets, the other hormones were localised in peripheral islet cells ; Som was also observed in neuronal cell bodies and nerve fibres. In addition, the islet cells contained substance P (SP) (65 %) in the centre and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (2 %) at the periphery. Immunoreactivity to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), VIP and galanin (Gal) occurred in the walls of blood vessels located mainly at the periphery of islets. Occasionally, VIP and Gal immunoreactive varicose nerve terminals and ChAT immunoreactive cell bodies were also observed in the centre of islets. SP neuronal cell bodies were not observed but prominent SP immunoreactive varicose terminals were discernible in capillary walls within the islets. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactive neurons were detected in neuronal cell bodies located mainly peripherally. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunoreactivity occurred in neuronal cell bodies and nerve fibres mainly at the periphery and also in centrally located islet endocrine cells. Immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was similar in distribution to that of ChAT. In comparison with other avian species, the islets of the dorsal pancreatic lobe of the bustard contain all the peptidergic hormones normally present in the islets of other avian species, but are not segregated into dark A and light B cells. Many of the insulin containing cells also contained SP. The islets also contained several neuropeptides which are probably involved in their regulation.

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Distribution, origin and projections of nitric oxide synthase-containing neurons in gut and pancreas

Cited by 153 publications

References 38 publications

Autonomic regulation of islet hormone secretion - Implications for health and disease

Autonomic regulation of islet hormone secretion - Implications for health and disease

Role of enteric glial cells in inflammatory bowel disease

Peptidergic hormones and neuropeptides, and aminergic neurotransmitters of the pancreatic islets of the Houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata)

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