Distribution ofHaemophilus influenzae andHaemophilus parainfluenzae biotypes isolated from the human genitourinary tract

Abstract

A total of 3,598 genital specimens from men and women was cultured for Haemophilus spp. using a simple selective culture method. Two hundred and thirty three samples (6.5%) were positive for Haemophilus spp., 216 Haemophilus parainfluenzae and 28 Haemophilus influenzae strains being isolated. Biotyping demonstrated that Haemophilus parainfluenzae biotype II was dominant at all sites, especially the male urethra, comprising 59% of all Haemophilus strains isolated. On the other hand, Haemophilus influenzae biotype IV was isolated from only six patients and thus was not a major genital biotype. The respective proportions of the two Haemophilus spp. recovered from various mucosal sites led to the supposition that the genitourinary colonization originated either from the upper respiratory tract or the gastrointestinal tract.

Comparison of the first whole genome sequence of ‘Haemophilus quentini’ with two new strains of ‘Haemophilus quentini’ and other species ofHaemophilus

“…Although rare, H. influenzae biotype IV have been implicated as the cause of non-invasive infections in humans, including urogenital infections Alrawi et al (2002); Harper and Tilse (1991); Quentin et al (1989) and neonatal sepsis Van Dcynse et al 2016; Wallace et al (1983) and have been found to colonise the nasopharynx of children Jain et al (2006) and the adult urinary tract Drouet et al (1989). Importantly, ampicillin resistance within H. influenzae biotype IV has been observed Jain et al (2006); Rashid et al (2016).…”

Haemophilus influenzae bartholinitis

“…Among extrapulmonary infections, genital infections have scarcely been reported, although recent studies have considered Haemophilus species to be potential pathogens in genitourinary infections including bartholimits (1,2). Among extrapulmonary infections, genital infections have scarcely been reported, although recent studies have considered Haemophilus species to be potential pathogens in genitourinary infections including bartholimits (1,2).…”

“…The prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae in the genital tract is low (0.7-3.5 %), and consistently higher in the male urethra than in cervicovaginal secretions (2). Genitourinary colonization by this organism can originate either from the upper respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract.…”

Identification and Characterization of “ Haemophilus quentini ” Strains Causing Invasive Disease in Ontario, Canada (2016 to 2018)

“…However, some NTHi biotype IV strains, often referred to as "H. influenzae biotype IV" or "H. influenzae cryptic genospecies," and now provisionally named "Haemophilus quentini," constitute a distinct group of potential urogenital pathogens implicated in maternal and neonatal infections (8)(9)(10)(11).…”