Distribution of Y chromosomal STRs loci in Mayan and Mestizo populations from Guatemala

Martínez-González, Luis Javier; Saiz, María; Álvarez-Cubero, María Jesús; Gómez-Martín, Antonio; Álvarez, Juan Carlos; Martínez-Labarga, Cristina; Lorente, José A.

doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2011.04.003

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…AIM-InDels also points to the predominant Native American nature of the Maya (Figure 2 C). In addition, ancestry proportions were different between ‘Ladinos’ and Mayans for the Native American and the European components, which is in agreement with previous studies [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The study involved samples collected in a Quiché Indian village located close to the provincial capital of Santa Cruz de Quiché [ 44 ], and lead to the determination of 16 different mtDNA haplotypes. Recently, a study on 17 Y-STR loci in a set of 115 ‘Mestizo’ and 110 Maya males allowed further insight into the actual level of genetic variability and population structure of the populations of the country [ 45 ]. The authors clearly identified Guatemalans as predominantly Native Americans and detected a population sub-structure differentiating ‘Mestizos’ from Mayans to certain extent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic insights on the ethno-history of the Maya and the ‘Ladinos’ from Guatemala

et al. 2015

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BackgroundGuatemala is a multiethnic and multilingual country located in Central America. The main population groups separate ‘Ladinos’ (mixed Native American-African-Spanish), and Native indigenous people of Maya descent. Among the present-day Guatemalan Maya, there are more than 20 different ethnic groups separated by different languages and cultures. Genetic variation of these communities still remains largely unexplored. The principal aim of this study is to explore the genetic variability of the Maya and ‘Ladinos’ from Guatemala by means of uniparental and ancestry informative markers (AIMs).ResultsAnalyses of uniparental genetic markers indicate that Maya have a dominant Native American ancestry (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA]: 100%; Y-chromosome: 94%). ‘Ladino’, however, show a clear gender-bias as indicated by the large European ancestry observed in the Y-chromosome (75%) compared to the mtDNA (0%). Autosomal polymorphisms (AIMs) also mirror this marked gender-bias: (i) Native American ancestry: 92% for the Maya vs. 55% for the ‘Ladino’, and (ii) European ancestry: 8% for the Maya vs. 41% for the ‘Ladino’. In addition, the impact of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade on the present-day Guatemalan population is very low (and only occurs in the ‘Ladino’; mtDNA: 9%; AIMs: 4%), in part mirroring the fact that Guatemala has a predominant orientation to the Pacific Ocean instead of a Caribbean one. Sequencing of entire Guatemalan mitogenomes has led to improved Native American phylogeny via the addition of new haplogroups that are mainly observed in Mesoamerica and/or the North of South America.ConclusionsThe data reveal the existence of a fluid gene flow in the Mesoamerican area and a predominant unidirectional flow towards South America, most likely occurring during the Pre-Classic (1800 BC-200 AD) and the Classic (200–1000 AD) Eras of the Mesoamerican chronology, coinciding with development of the most distinctive and advanced Mesoamerican civilization, the Maya. Phylogenetic features of mtDNA data also suggest a demographic scenario that is compatible with moderate local endogamy and isolation in the Maya combined with episodes of gene exchange between ethnic groups, suggesting an ethno-genesis in the Guatemalan Maya that is recent and supported on a cultural rather than a biological basis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1339-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic insights on the ethno-history of the Maya and the ‘Ladinos’ from Guatemala

et al. 2015

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“…Q1a3a1f-PV3 and Q1a3a1g-PV4 were identified in single Mexican subjects. However, Q1a3a1f-PV3 was found in association with a micro-variant (13.2 partial repeat) at the DYS19 locus , which on the YHRD database (http://www.yhrd.org – release 41 built on December 20, 2012 performed on 105,494 haplotypes within 782 populations) characterizes five subjects, three of them found in the Guatemalan-Mayan population [67], and two in Hispanic American admixed populations from United States [68]. The estimated age for chromosomes carrying that “partial repeat” allele dates back to the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary (Table 2) and, even though characterized by a large standard error, indicates an additional Mesoamerican differentiation of the most diffused L54.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Peopling of South America: New Evidence from Y-Chromosome Haplogroup Q

et al. 2013

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Recent progress in the phylogenetic resolution of the Y-chromosome phylogeny permits the male demographic dynamics and migratory events that occurred in Central and Southern America after the initial human spread into the Americas to be investigated at the regional level. To delve further into this issue, we examined more than 400 Native American Y chromosomes (collected in the region ranging from Mexico to South America) belonging to haplogroup Q – virtually the only branch of the Y phylogeny observed in modern-day Amerindians of Central and South America – together with 27 from Mongolia and Kamchatka. Two main founding lineages, Q1a3a1a-M3 and Q1a3a1-L54(xM3), were detected along with novel sub-clades of younger age and more restricted geographic distributions. The first was also observed in Far East Asia while no Q1a3a1-L54(xM3) Y chromosome was found in Asia except the southern Siberian-specific sub-clade Q1a3a1c-L330. Our data not only confirm a southern Siberian origin of ancestral populations that gave rise to Paleo-Indians and the differentiation of both Native American Q founding lineages in Beringia, but support their concomitant arrival in Mesoamerica, where Mexico acted as recipient for the first wave of migration, followed by a rapid southward migration, along the Pacific coast, into the Andean region. Although Q1a3a1a-M3 and Q1a3a1-L54(xM3) display overlapping general distributions, they show different patterns of evolution in the Mexican plateau and the Andean area, which can be explained by local differentiations due to demographic events triggered by the introduction of agriculture and associated with the flourishing of the Great Empires.

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“…Therefore, autosomal STR loci may be suitable for modern historical studies, but are less powerful for ancestral studies (Wang et al, 2007). Analyses using markers that are more specific to ancestry, such as AIMS (Pereira et al, 2012), the Y chromosome (Martinez-Gonzalez et al, 2011) and mtDNA (Fagundes et al, 2008), should be performed to explore this relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of genetic structure of the Mayan population in Guatemala by autosomal STR analysis

Martínez-González¹,

Álvarez-Cubero

Saiz

et al. 2015

Annals of Human Biology

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The Mayan populations from Guatemala and other Native American groups display high genetic homogeneity. Genetic relationships between these groups are more affected by cultural and linguistic factors than geographical and local flow. This study represents one of the first steps in understanding Mayan-Guatemalan populations, the associations between their sub-populations and differences in gene diversity with other populations. This article also demonstrates that the Mestizo population shares most of its ancestral genetic components with the Guatemala Mayan populations.

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Distribution of Y chromosomal STRs loci in Mayan and Mestizo populations from Guatemala

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Genomic insights on the ethno-history of the Maya and the ‘Ladinos’ from Guatemala

Genomic insights on the ethno-history of the Maya and the ‘Ladinos’ from Guatemala

The First Peopling of South America: New Evidence from Y-Chromosome Haplogroup Q

Characterisation of genetic structure of the Mayan population in Guatemala by autosomal STR analysis

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