Distribution of VOCs in urban and rural atmospheres of subtropical India: Temporal variation, source attribution, ratios, OFP and risk assessment

Kumar, Amit; Singh, Deepak; Kumar, Krishan; Singh, Braj Bihari; Jain, V. K.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.096

Cited by 151 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Aromatics are mainly emitted from anthropogenic activities, including combustion processes, solvent usage, vehicular exhausts, and industrial chemical and petrochemical processes (Ceron‐Breton et al, 2015; Kumar et al, 2018; P. Shao et al, 2016; Wang, Chen, et al, 2013). The variety, complexity, and colocation of aromatic sources make it difficult to accurately estimate emissions from individual sources (Fu et al, 2007; Liu et al, 2012; Zhang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Observation Constrained Aromatic Emissions in Shanghai, China

Wang

Yan

et al. 2020

JGR Atmospheres

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aromatics in the atmosphere are a large contributor to ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation and have an adverse impact on human health. Observation‐based emissions are urgently needed for air quality management and decision making due to the large uncertainties in the emissions inventories. Atmospheric aromatics were continuously observed at one urban site in Shanghai of China in 2015, which were compared with the simulations of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Large differences were found in the temporal variations between the model and measurements, corroborating with previous studies that the current bottom‐up emission inventories are highly biased. We corrected the aromatic emissions biases of the emission inventories using the observations with the CMAQ simulations, with the assumption that the response relationship of the emissions input and aromatic concentrations was reasonable on a monthly basis in CMAQ simulations, suggesting that the results are dependent on the model performance. The resulting aromatic emissions exhibited clear monthly variations, increasing from 5.5 ± 2.1 Gg month−1 in February to 17.4 ± 7.7 Gg month−1 in July, being different from the flat monthly pattern in the current bottom‐up emissions inventory. Toluene, xylenes, and ethylbenzene dominated aromatic emissions, accounting for ~74% on average but with considerable monthly variations, which was different from the nearly uniform value of 77% throughout the whole year in the emissions inventory. These highly temporally resolved and speciated in situ aromatics measurements provide observation‐based constraints on aromatic emissions, which cannot be obtained from satellite measurements. This study proposes a top‐down emission estimation method constrained by ambient measurements.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation Constrained Aromatic Emissions in Shanghai, China

Wang

Yan

et al. 2020

JGR Atmospheres

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, the vehicle fleet has increased in the last year, which is characterized in most cities by a large number of old vehicles (Keita et al, 2018). Over the next few years, African emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels, and refuse are expected to increase considerably and could represent about 50 % of the global emissions of organic carbon (Knippertz et al, 2017;Liousse et al, 2014). However, emission estimates are uncertain, and detailed emission inventories are still required for a better estimation of their impacts on climate change and health over this highly sensitive region (Knippertz et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic VOCs in Abidjan, southern West Africa: from source quantification to atmospheric impacts

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Several field campaigns were conducted in the framework of the Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) project to measure a broad range of atmospheric constituents. Here we present the analysis of an unprecedented and comprehensive dataset integrating up to 56 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from ambient sites and emission sources. VOCs were collected on multi-sorbent tubes in the coastal city of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, in winter and summer 2016 and later analysed by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization and mass spectrometer detectors (GC-FID and GC-MS) at the laboratory. The comparison between VOC emission source profiles and ambient profiles suggests the substantial impact of two-stroke motorized two-wheel vehicles and domestic fires on the composition of Abidjan's atmosphere. However, despite high VOC concentrations near-source, moderate ambient levels were observed (by factors of 10 to 4000 lower), similar to the concentrations observed in northern mid-latitude urban areas. Besides photochemistry, the reported high wind speeds seem to be an essential factor that regulates air pollution levels in Abidjan. Emission ratios (ΔVOC∕ΔCO) were established based on real-world measurements achieved for a selected number of representative combustion sources. Maximum measured molar mass emissions were observed from two-wheel vehicles, surpassing other regional sources by 2 orders of magnitude. Local practices like waste burning also make a significant contribution to VOC emissions, higher than those from light-duty vehicles by 1.5 to 8 orders of magnitude. These sources also largely govern the VOC's atmospheric impacts in terms of OH reactivity, secondary organic aerosol formation (SOAP), and photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP). While the contribution of aromatics dominates the atmospheric impact, our measurements reveal the systematic presence of anthropogenic terpenoids in all residential combustion sectors. Finally, emission factors were used to retrieve and quantify VOC emissions from the main anthropogenic source sectors at the national level. Our detailed estimation of VOC emissions suggests that the road transport sector is the dominant source in Côte d'Ivoire, emitting around 1200 Gg yr−1 of gas-phase VOCs. These new estimates are 100 and 160 times larger than global inventory estimations from MACCity or EDGAR (v4.3.2), respectively. Additionally, the residential sector is largely underestimated in the global emission inventories, by factors of 13 to 43. Considering only Côte d'Ivoire, these new estimates for VOCs are 3 to 6 times higher than the whole of Europe. Given the significant underestimation of VOC emissions from the transport and residential sectors in Côte d'Ivoire, there is an urgent need to build more realistic and region-specific emission inventories for the entire West African region. This might be true not only for VOCs, but also for all atmospheric pollutants. The lack of waste burning, wood fuel burning and charcoal burning, and fabrication representation in regional inventories also needs to be addressed, particularly in low-income areas where these types of activities are ubiquitous sources of VOC emissions.

show abstract

“…Toluene remained unchanged. AVOCs leaf content of L. tulipifera in B Park evidences a background level of pollution characteristic of urban activities, according to Kumar et al (2018). The standard deviations detected in spring were higher than in summer.…”

Section: Liriodendron Tulipiferamentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In this work, we used the propylene equivalent concentration (Prop-Equiv) and the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR), as reported by Cai et al (2010), Wu et al (2017) and Kumar et al (2018) to calculate OFP. The following equation was used to calculate the equivalent propylene concentration for each individual AVOC (Chameides et al, 1992):…”

Section: Ozone Formation Potential (Ofp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in Leaves of Two Urban Tree Species in Santiago de Chile

Araya

Seelenfreund

Buscaglia

et al. 2019

Front. For. Glob. Change

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs) represent the third largest contribution in gaseous emissions in the urban and peri-urban region of Santiago, the capital of Chile. Some of these compounds are toxic or mutagenic, cause serious damage to human health, and decrease plant growth and development. There is little international information related to atmospheric AVOCs in leaf content from trees exposed to specific sources of pollution, and to our knowledge, there is no research on this topic in Chile. The purpose of this work was to study the leaf content of AVOCs from the Organic Range of Gasoline (ORG: range 6-10 C) emitted by local traffic during the austral summer and spring seasons in leaves of two exotic tree species (Liriodendron tulipifera and Platanus × acerifolia). Leaf samples collected around 2 meters height above the ground were pulverized with a cryogenic mill and eleven chemical components were quantified (toluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (1,2,4-TMB), styrene, ethylbenzene, ortho, meta and para-xylenes, naphthalene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (1,3,5-TMB), isopropylbenzene, and trichloroethene) using GC-MSD MSD. Benzene was detected but not quantified, because it was always under the quantification limit of the technique. Differences in concentrations were found for type of site exposure, season and tree species. The differences found in leaf content of AVOCs in P. × acerifolia exposed to vehicle traffic suggest that the concentration of these contaminants in leaves may be due to AVOC capturing. Considering the content of AVOCs in leaves and not in the whole individual tree, L. tulipifera presented a higher concentration of total AVOCs than P. × acerifolia for both seasons. The Prop-Equiv and OFP of L. tulipifera were very high in summer, being 13.6 and 14.8 times greater, respectively, than the corresponding values for P. × acerifolia.

show abstract

Distribution of VOCs in urban and rural atmospheres of subtropical India: Temporal variation, source attribution, ratios, OFP and risk assessment

Cited by 151 publications

References 63 publications

Observation Constrained Aromatic Emissions in Shanghai, China

Observation Constrained Aromatic Emissions in Shanghai, China

Anthropogenic VOCs in Abidjan, southern West Africa: from source quantification to atmospheric impacts

Assessment of Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in Leaves of Two Urban Tree Species in Santiago de Chile

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About