Distribution of Virulence Genes Related to Adhesions and Toxins in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Healthy Cattle and Diarrheal Patients in Japan

Wu, Yuluo; Hinenoya, Atsushi; Taguchi, Takashi; Nagita, Akira; Shima, Kensuke; Tsukamoto, Teizo; Sugimoto, Norihiko; Asakura, Masahiro; Yamasaki, Shinji

doi:10.1292/jvms.09-0557

Cited by 31 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In addition, subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) was discovered in STEC O113:H21 strain 98NK2, which was responsible for an outbreak of HUS (5). SubAB is produced primarily by a variety of non-O157 serotypes of STEC; STEC O157:H7, the most common serogroup implicated in hemorrhagic colitis and HUS, almost never produces SubAB (6)(7)(8)(9). SubAB has an enzymatically active subunit, which is a subtilaselike serine protease, and five receptor recognition domains, which play important roles in binding to the receptor on the target cell surface (5).…”

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DAP1, a Negative Regulator of Autophagy, Controls SubAB-Mediated Apoptosis and Autophagy

et al. 2014

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c Autophagy and apoptosis play critical roles in cellular homeostasis and survival. Subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB), produced by non-O157 type Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC), is an important virulence factor in disease. SubAB, a protease, cleaves a specific site on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein BiP/GRP78, leading to ER stress, and induces apoptosis. Here we report that in HeLa cells, activation of a PERK (RNA-dependent protein kinase [PKR]-like ER kinase)-eIF2␣ (␣ subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2)-dependent pathway by SubAB-mediated BiP cleavage negatively regulates autophagy and induces apoptosis through death-associated protein 1 (DAP1). We found that SubAB treatment decreased the amounts of autophagy markers LC3-II and p62 as well as those of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling proteins ULK1 and S6K. These proteins showed increased expression levels in PERK knockdown or DAP1 knockdown cells. In addition, depletion of DAP1 in HeLa cells dramatically inhibited the SubAB-stimulated apoptotic pathway: SubAB-induced Bax/Bak conformational changes, Bax/Bak oligomerization, cytochrome c release, activation of caspases, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. These results show that DAP1 is a key regulator, through PERK-eIF2␣-dependent pathways, of the induction of apoptosis and reduction of autophagy by SubAB.

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confidence: 99%

DAP1, a Negative Regulator of Autophagy, Controls SubAB-Mediated Apoptosis and Autophagy

et al. 2014

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“…In this study, both O91:H14 strains carried the toxin gene. CDT has been detected in eae-negative EHEC strains isolated from both humans and domestic animals (13,26). In addition, 2 cdt-carrying strains were obtained, and of those, 1 was eaenegative (O112ab:H25) and the other was eae-positive (O111:NM).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Features and Virulence Gene Profiles of Non-O157/O26 Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains from Humans in the Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY:The biochemical features and virulence gene profiles of 37 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains belonging to serogroups other than O157 and O26 (non-O157/O26 EHEC) were investigated. All strains were isolated from humans between 2002 and 2013 in the Yamaguchi Prefecture. Serogroup O111 strains were the most common, followed by O103, O121, and O145. Most strains (84z) were negative for sorbose fermentation, whereas only 1 and 2 were negative for sorbitol and rhamnose fermentation, respectively. Two strains lacked b-D-glucuronidase activity. Shiga toxin (stx) subtyping revealed 6 genotypes:stx1a (n ＝ 20), stx1a ＋ stx2a (n ＝ 8), stx2a (n ＝ 4), stx2b (n ＝ 3), stx2a ＋ stx2c (n ＝ 1), and stx2a ＋ stx2d (n ＝ 1). Polymerase chain reaction screening of other toxin and adherence genes showed that astA, subA, and cdtB were present in 5, 2, and 2 strains, respectively. The intimin gene eae was present in 30 strains (81z). Of the 7 eae-negative strains, saa and eibG were found in 3 and 2 strains, respectively; no adherence factors were detected in the remaining 2 strains. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the strains to 12 drugs were examined and 11 strains (30z) showed resistance to 1 or more drugs. Our results revealed that non-O157/O26 EHEC strains exhibit various biochemical phenotypes and carry several toxins and adherence factor genes.

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“…Additionally, virulence factors associated with disease in calves can be detected in healthy adult cows (6,25,29,30). Based on these studies of E. coli from different healthy animal species from various geographical locations, it appeared that virulence factors were found in healthy animals regardless of geographical origin.…”

Section: Vol 76 2010 Virulence Factor Profiling Of Veterinary E Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PCR-based approach will likely allow for the detection of virulence factors in a population of E. coli. Numerous studies have found that E. coli isolates from healthy animals contain virulence genes; however, the prevalence is typically lower than that in diseased animals (20,21,30). Therefore, the ability to screen populations of E. coli for virulence genes will likely be beneficial when strains containing the source-associated virulence factors are present in the animal population at a relatively low frequency.…”

Section: Vol 76 2010 Virulence Factor Profiling Of Veterinary E Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the results of these studies, it appeared that for the different animal species there were different sets of virulence factors that likely played a role in disease. Typically E. coli-associated disease occurs in very young or immunocompromised animals, without being a major problem in adult animals, even though a percentage of adult animals has harbored E. coli with identified virulence factors (20,22,30). Because a proportion of virulence factors persist in E. coli from adult animals and different virulence factors appear to be important in different animal species, these factors may aid in the determination of the animal source of bacteria.…”

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Evaluation of Virulence Factor Profiling in the Characterization of Veterinary Escherichia coli Isolates

David

Lynne

Han

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Escherichia coli has been used as an indicator organism for fecal contamination of water and other environments and is often a commensal organism in healthy animals, yet a number of strains can cause disease in young or immunocompromised animals. In this study, 281 E. coli isolates from bovine, porcine, chicken, canine, equine, feline, and other veterinary sources were analyzed by BOXA1R PCR and by virulence factor profiling of 35 factors to determine whether they had utility in identifying the animal source of the isolates. The results of BOXA1R PCR analysis demonstrated a high degree of diversity; less than half of the isolates fell into one of 27 clusters with at least three isolates (based on 90% similarity). Nearly 60% of these clusters contained isolates from more than one animal source. Conversely, the results of virulence factor profiling demonstrated clustering by animal source. Three clusters, named Bovine, Chicken, and Porcine, based on discriminant components analysis, were represented by 90% or more of the respective isolates. A fourth group, termed Companion, was the most diverse, containing at least 84% of isolates from canine, feline, equine, and other animal sources. Based on these results, it appears that virulence factor profiling may have utility, helping identify the likely animal host species sources of certain E. coli isolates.

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Distribution of Virulence Genes Related to Adhesions and Toxins in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Healthy Cattle and Diarrheal Patients in Japan

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

DAP1, a Negative Regulator of Autophagy, Controls SubAB-Mediated Apoptosis and Autophagy

DAP1, a Negative Regulator of Autophagy, Controls SubAB-Mediated Apoptosis and Autophagy

Biochemical Features and Virulence Gene Profiles of Non-O157/O26 Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains from Humans in the Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan

Evaluation of Virulence Factor Profiling in the Characterization of Veterinary Escherichia coli Isolates

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