Distribution of toxin genes among different spa types and phage types of animal Staphylococcus aureus

Garbacz, Katarzyna; Piechowicz, Lidia; Mroczkowska, Aneta

doi:10.1007/s00203-015-1127-y

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Hemolysins, especially α-hemolysin, are important virulence factors in several animal models of infection, including pneumonia and mastitis [ 81 ] The presence of the hla , hld , and hlb genes and the enterotoxin gene cluster has also been shown in S . aureus strains from cases of mastitis in cows in Poland [ 82 , 83 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of this toxin is also related to the etiology of many other diseases or syndromes in humans [ 73 ]. The tst gene has not been detected so far in isolates from companion animals and livestock (dogs, cats, pigs, or chickens) in Poland [ 82 ], but it has been present in isolates from neonatal intensive care units in Polish hospitals, usually in combination with the enterotoxin gene cluster ( egc ) and egc- like variants [ 85 ]. This phenomenon may indicate that the presence of S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Free-Living Species of Carnivorous Mammals in Poland: Red Fox, Beech Marten, and Raccoon as a Potential Reservoir of Salmonella, Yersinia, Listeria spp. and Coagulase-Positive Staphylococcus

Nowakiewicz

Zięba²,

Ziółkowska

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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The objective of the study was to examine a population of free-living carnivorous mammals most commonly found in Poland (red fox, beech marten, and raccoon) for the occurrence of bacteria that are potentially pathogenic for humans and other animal species and to determine their virulence potential (the presence of selected virulence genes). From the total pool of isolates obtained (n = 328), we selected 90 belonging to species that pose the greatest potential threat to human health: Salmonella spp. (n = 19; 4.51%), Yersinia enterocolitica (n = 10; 2.37%), Listeria monocytogenes and L. ivanovii (n = 21), and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 40; 9.5%). The Salmonella spp. isolates represented three different subspecies; S. enterica subsp. enterica accounted for a significant proportion (15/19), and most of the serotypes isolated (S. Typhimurium, S. Infantis, S. Newport and S. Enteritidis) were among the 10 non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes that are most often responsible for infections in Europe, including Poland. Y. enterococlitica was detected in the smallest percentage of animals, but 60% of strains among the isolates tested possessed the ail gene, which is responsible for attachment and invasion. Potentially pathogenic Listeria species were isolated from approx. 5% of the animals. The presence of all tested virulence genes was shown in 35% of L. monocytogenes strains, while in the case of the other strains, the genes occurred in varying numbers and configurations. The presence of the inlA, inlC, hlyA, and iap genes was noted in all strains, whereas the genes encoding PI-PLC, actin, and internalin Imo2821 were present in varying percentages (from 80% to 55%). S. aureus was obtained from 40 individuals. Most isolates possessed the hla, hld (95% for each), and hlb (32.5%) genes encoding hemolysins as well as the gene encoding leukotoxin lukED (70%). In a similar percentage of strains (77.5%), the presence of at least one gene encoding enterotoxin was found, with 12.5% exhibiting the presence of egc-like variants. In two animals, we also noted the gene encoding the TSST-1 toxin. The results of the study showed that free-living animals may be a significant reservoir of bacteria that are potentially pathogenic for humans. The results of the statistical analysis revealed that, among the animals species studied, the red fox constitutes the most important source of infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Living Species of Carnivorous Mammals in Poland: Red Fox, Beech Marten, and Raccoon as a Potential Reservoir of Salmonella, Yersinia, Listeria spp. and Coagulase-Positive Staphylococcus

Nowakiewicz

Zięba²,

Ziółkowska

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…Infections by et-positive Staphylococcus intermedius in dogs can also cause a pathology that resembles SSSS and EE [45]. A previous study described the distribution of toxin genes among phage types of animal isolates of S. aureus and the canine isolates of phage group II that harbored the eta gene [46].…”

Section: Exfoliative Toxins and Associated Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exfoliative Toxins of Staphylococcus aureus

Mariutti¹,

Tartaglia²,

Seyffert³

et al. 2017

The Rise of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in ≪i>Staphylococcus Aureus

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Virulent strains of Staphylococcus aureus secrete exfoliative toxins (ETs) that cause the loss of cell-cell adhesion in the superficial epidermis. S. aureus ETs are serine proteases, which exhibit exquisite substrate specificity, and their mechanisms of action are extremely complex. To date, four different serotypes of ETs have been identified and three of them (ETA, ETB and ETD) are associated with toxin-mediated staphylococcal syndromes related to human infections leading to diseases of medical and veterinary importance.

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“…Our Polish Reference Center for Staphylococci is a leading center for bacteriophage typing of S. aureus strains involved in various infections, with considerable achievements in this field [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Recently, the oral cavity has gained attention as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus strains and a source of their spread to other anatomical regions [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from the Oral Cavity: Phage Susceptibility in Relation to Antibiotic Resistance
Garbacz
¹
,
Kwapisz
²
,
Piechowicz
³

et al. 2021
Antibiotics
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Nowadays, research on bacteriophage therapy and its potential use in combination with antibiotics has been gaining momentum. One hundred and ten oral Staphylococcus aureus isolates were phage-typed and their antibiotic resistance was determined by standard and molecular methods. The prevalence of MSSA and MRSA strains was 89.1% and 10.9%, respectively. Nearly all (91.8%) analyzed isolates, whether MSSA or MRSA, were susceptible to the phages used from the international set. The highest lytic activity showed phages 79 and 52 A from lytic group I. The predominant phage groups were mixed, the I+III group and a mixed group containing phages from at least three various lytic groups. S. aureus strains sensitive to phage group I were usually resistant to penicillin and susceptible to ciprofloxacin, whereas the strains typeable with group V or group V with the 95 phage were susceptible to most antibiotics. Epidemic CA-MRSA strains (SCCmecIV) of phage type 80/81 carried Panton–Valentine leucocidin genes. Considering the high sensitivity of oral S. aureus to the analyzed phages and the promising results of phage therapies reported by other authors, phage cocktails or phage-antibiotic combinations may potentially find applications in both the prevention and eradication of staphylococcal infections.

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Distribution of toxin genes among different spa types and phage types of animal Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Free-Living Species of Carnivorous Mammals in Poland: Red Fox, Beech Marten, and Raccoon as a Potential Reservoir of Salmonella, Yersinia, Listeria spp. and Coagulase-Positive Staphylococcus

Free-Living Species of Carnivorous Mammals in Poland: Red Fox, Beech Marten, and Raccoon as a Potential Reservoir of Salmonella, Yersinia, Listeria spp. and Coagulase-Positive Staphylococcus

Exfoliative Toxins of Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from the Oral Cavity: Phage Susceptibility in Relation to Antibiotic Resistance

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