Distribution of the regulatory peptide alarin in the eye of various species

Schrödl, Falk; Trost, Andrea; Strohmaier, Clemens; Bogner, Barbara; Runge, Christian; Kaser-Eichberger, Alexandra; Eberhard, Nicole; Santic, Radmila; Kofler, Barbara; Reitsamer, Herbert A.

doi:10.1016/j.exer.2012.11.009

Cited by 11 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[1] Since alarin expression was initially found in ganglionic cells of neuroblastic tumors, it has been reported to be localized around the blood vessels with vasoactive actions and may have a regulating role in ocular blood flow. [2,3] In accordance with its vascular localization, alarin inhibited neurogenic inflammation induced by substance P. [2] Subsequently, Kolk et al reported that alarin was found in the locus coeruleus and the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus in rats and mice, which are central nuclei involved in energy homeostasis. [4,5] Like galanin, alarin has been found to have a much wider central distribution than does GALP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4,5] Like galanin, alarin has been found to have a much wider central distribution than does GALP. [3,6] The similarity in alarin peptide sequence identity between mice and rats is 92%, and between humans and monkeys is 96%. [1] Unlike another member of the galanin peptide family, the exclusion of exon 3 in alarin results in a loss of binding domain for galanin receptor, which is responsible for the ability of GALP to bind with galanin receptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Circulating alarin concentrations are high in patients with type 2 diabetes and increased by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment

Hu¹,

Xia²,

Zhou

et al. 2019

Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context: Alarin has been reported to be relative to food intake and an increase in body weight. However, to date, no report has demonstrated the relationship between circulating alarin and diabetes in humans. Objective: The objective of this study is to gain insight into the possible role of alarin in humans. Design and methods: 164 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (nT2DM), 112 IGT and 134 healthy subjects were recruited for this study. In an interventional study, 29 nT2DM patients were treated by a weekly GLP-1RA for 6 months. Plasma alarin concentrations were measured by ELISA. Results: Circulating alarin concentrations were significantly higher in both IGT and nT2DM subjects than in healthy individuals (0.40 ± 0.14 and 0.54 ± 0.24 vs 0.37 ± 0.10 μg/L, P < .05 or P < .01), whereas in T2DM patients, circulating alarin levels were higher than in IGT subjects. Circulating alarin positively correlated with FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, AUC glucose and TNFα ( P < .05 or P < .01). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that circulating alarin levels were correlated with IGT and T2DM. GLP-1RA treatment for 6 months increased circulating alarin levels in T2DM patients (from 0.34 ± 0.10 for baseline, to 0.39 ± 0.14 for 12 weeks, and finally to 0.38 ± 0.15 μg/L for 24 weeks; vs. pre-treatment P < .05). Conclusions: These data suggest that alarin might be involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM in humans. Clinical Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR-OCS-13003185 (18/03/2013 ).

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating alarin concentrations are high in patients with type 2 diabetes and increased by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment

Hu¹,

Xia²,

Zhou

et al. 2019

Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Alarin immunoreactivity has been determined in human ocular epithelial cells (cornea, conjunctiva, ciliary body), ocular blood vessels (iris, retina, choroid) and neurons (retina and choroid) [9]. It has been reported…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alarin was rst determined in ganglionic cells, then around the ocular blood vessels which show vasoactive activity in blood ow regulation [8]. In addition, Alarin -like immunoreactivity has been determined in the human cornea, conjunctiva, iris, retinal vessels and internal choroidal plexus [9]. Previous animal studies have determined that peripheral and intraventricular administration of Alarin caused an increase in food intake, body weight, and insulin-mediated glucose intake of tissues [10] .…”

Section: Backroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma And Aqueous Levels Of Alarin And Adipsin In Patients With and Without Diabetic Retinopathy

Gül

Kobat

Çelik

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Backround: Diabetic retinopathy is a disease seen with microvascular complications as a result of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Alarin and Adipsin are molecules with a role in energy and glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine plasma and aqueous levels of Alarin and Adipsin in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy to evaluate their potential roles in diabetic retinopathy. Methods: The study included one eye from each of 20 cataract patients without diabetes (C), 20 cataract patients with diabetes and without diabetic retinopathy (DM+C), and 20 cataract patients with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR+C). Plasma and aqueous humour samples were taken from all patients during the cataract operation. Alarin and Adipsin levels were examined with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: Both plasma and aqueous Alarin levels were significantly higher in the patients with diabetic retinopathy than in the control group (p<0.001, p=0.006). Adipsin levels were found to be significantly higher in plasma in the control group than in the DR+C group and significantly higher in aqueous in the DR+C group than in the control group (p<0.001, p<0.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that Alarin and Adipsin may play important role in diabetic retinopathy.

show abstract

“…Alarin was initially found in ganglionic cells, and later on it has been found around the blood vessels with vasoactive actions for regulating ocular blood flow [8][9][10]. Subsequently, Alarin expression was found in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), a central nucleus related energy homeostasis in hypothalamus of rats [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Circulating Alarin Levels Are Associated with Presence of Metabolic Syndrome

Xia

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background/Aims: Alarin has been reported to be related with increased food intake and body weight. The relationship of circulating Alarin with insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome (MetS), however, is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the physiological role of Alarin and its association with MetS in humans. Methods: Newly diagnosed MetS patients (n=237) and age-matched healthy subjects (n=192) were recruited for this study. Oral glucose tolerance test, treadmill exercise, lipid infusions and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHCs) were performed. Circulating Alarin and TNFα levels were measured by ELISA. Results: Circulating Alarin levels were significantly higher in MetS patients compared with healthy subjects (0.46 ± 0.22 vs. 0.41 ± 0.14 µg/L, P < 0.01). In all studied subjects, circulating Alarin levels were positively correlated with WC, blood pressure, FBG, triglyceride, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, AUC_glucose, and TNFα (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that circulating Alarin levels were correlated with MetS and insulin resistance. There was no significant change of circulating Alarin levels in the subjects with treadmill exercise for 45 min. In healthy individuals, however, glucose challenge, acute hyperglycemia and lipid infusions resulted in increased circulating Alarin levels, while acute hyperinsulinaemia transiently decreased circulating Alarin levels. Conclusion: The present study provides the evidence that circulating Alarin levels are associated with MetS and insulin resistance.

show abstract

Distribution of the regulatory peptide alarin in the eye of various species

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Circulating alarin concentrations are high in patients with type 2 diabetes and increased by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment

Circulating alarin concentrations are high in patients with type 2 diabetes and increased by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment

Plasma And Aqueous Levels Of Alarin And Adipsin In Patients With and Without Diabetic Retinopathy

High Circulating Alarin Levels Are Associated with Presence of Metabolic Syndrome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About