Distribution of the foliar fungal endophyte <i>Phialocephala scopiformis</i> and its toxin in the crown of a mature white spruce tree as revealed by chemical and qPCR analyses

FraszSamantha, L; Walker, Allison K.; NsiamaTienabe, K; AdamsGregory, W; David, MillerJ.

doi:10.1139/cjfr-2014-0171

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…From 2014-2018, EIS research trials were conducted by a consortium termed the Healthy Forest Partnership, encompassing the Governments of Canada and New Brunswick, Natural Resources Canada, universities, and forest industry (www.healthyforestpartnership.ca). In addition to SBW monitoring and EIS control measures designed to suppress populations, the research included longer-term understanding of effects of natural enemies, factors affecting outbreak initiation, inoculation of seedlings with endophytic fungi to increase host resistance [34,35] and improving decision support capabilities to facilitate planning. The project engaged participation of the region's leading forestry companies, universities, and federal and provincial research agencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Results of an Early Intervention Strategy to Suppress a Spruce Budworm Outbreak after Five Years of Trials

MacLean

Amirault

Amos‐Binks

et al. 2019

Forests

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Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.; SBW) outbreaks are one of the dominant natural disturbances in North America, having killed balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and spruce (Picea sp.) trees over tens of millions of hectares. Responses to past SBW outbreaks have included the aerial application of insecticides to limit defoliation and keep trees alive, salvage harvesting of dead and dying trees, or doing nothing and accepting the resulting timber losses. We tested a new ‘early intervention strategy’ (EIS) focused on suppressing rising SBW populations before major defoliation occurs, from 2014 to 2018 in New Brunswick, Canada. The EIS approach included: (1) intensive monitoring of overwintering SBW to detect ‘hot spots’ of low but rising populations; (2) targeted insecticide treatment to prevent spread; and (3) proactive public communications and engagement on project activities and results. This is the first attempt of area-wide (all areas within the jurisdiction of the province of New Brunswick) management of a native forest insect population. The project was conducted by a consortium of government, forest industry, researchers, and other partners. We developed a treatment priority and blocking model to optimize planning and efficacy of EIS SBW insecticide treatment programs. Following 5 years of over 420,000 ha of EIS treatments of low but increasing SBW populations, second instar larvae (L2) SBW levels across northern New Brunswick were found to be considerably lower than populations in adjacent Québec. Treatments increased from 4500 ha in 2014, to 56,600 ha in 2016, and to 199,000 ha in 2018. SBW populations in blocks treated with Bacillus thuringiensis or tebufenozide insecticide were consistently reduced, and generally did not require treatment in the subsequent year. Areas requiring treatment increased up to 2018, but SBW L2 populations showed over 90% reductions in that year. Although this may be a temporary annual decline in SBW population increases, it is counter to continued increases in Québec. Following 5 years of tests, the EIS appears to be effective in reducing the SBW outbreak.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Results of an Early Intervention Strategy to Suppress a Spruce Budworm Outbreak after Five Years of Trials

MacLean

Amirault

Amos‐Binks

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…The growth rate of the insect pest is reduced, exposing larvae to increased disease and predation by birds and reducing the damage to trees (3–5). In recent years, millions of conifer seedlings in New Brunswick production nurseries were inoculated with this strain to reduce the need for spraying chemical insecticides (6), and beneficial effects have persisted more than a decade postinoculation (7). The genome sequence of P. scopiformis will enable studies of fungal genome evolution, fungal genotyping, and host-endophyte evolutionary genomics in the inoculated forests.…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Genome of Phialocephala scopiformis DAOMC 229536, a Fungal Endophyte of Spruce Producing the Potent Anti-Insectan Compound Rugulosin

et al. 2016

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“…Pezicula species (asexual morph Cryptosporiopsis; Abeln, de Pagter, & Verkley, 2000) are commonly recorded on healthy conifers including Picea (Chen, Verkley, Sun, Groenewald, & Crous, 2016) and strains in SH201603.07FU are recorded from a wide host range. Phialocephala scopiformis has often been recorded as an endophyte of spruce and is known to produce the anti-insect compound rugulosin (Frasz, Walker, Nsiama, Adams, & Miller, 2014). Other Phialocephala species, such as P. dimorphospora and P. piceae, are also common on Picea (Tanney, Douglas, & Seifert, 2016).…”

Section: B and C Diversity And Origin Of Endophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of fungal endophytes in Scottish Sitka spruce plantations shows extensive infections, novel host partners and gives insights into origins

Stewart¹,

Doilom

Taylor

2018

Forest Pathology

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This preliminary study identified the fungal endophytes of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) in four Scottish plantations, analysed their recruitment possibilities and community structure across the sites, and identified the possible origins of the endophytes in this non‐native host. Although Sitka spruce is native to north‐western North America, it comprises a huge portion of Scottish forestry and is an economically vital timber tree. Needles from two age classes were collected and cultured for emerging endophyte isolates. Using a combination of morphological features and genetic sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal ITS regions of representative morphological types, 57 morphotypes were recorded which represented at least 15 different species, including a hypothesized sister species to the pathogen of Pseudotsuga menziesii in North America and Europe, Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii (previously P. gaeumannii) that was present at all sites tested. Diversity, recruitment, site, needle age and needle part effects are discussed. The phylogeny of Nothophaeocryptopus based on analysis of combined ITS and Tub2 sequence data is given in order to assess the relationship of the unknown endophyte to the Douglas fir pathogen N. gaeumannii.

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Distribution of the foliar fungal endophyte Phialocephala scopiformis and its toxin in the crown of a mature white spruce tree as revealed by chemical and qPCR analyses

Abstract: 1 toxin in the crown of a mature white spruce tree as revealed by chemical and 2 qPCR analyses.

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

Positive Results of an Early Intervention Strategy to Suppress a Spruce Budworm Outbreak after Five Years of Trials

Positive Results of an Early Intervention Strategy to Suppress a Spruce Budworm Outbreak after Five Years of Trials

Full Genome of Phialocephala scopiformis DAOMC 229536, a Fungal Endophyte of Spruce Producing the Potent Anti-Insectan Compound Rugulosin

Analysis of fungal endophytes in Scottish Sitka spruce plantations shows extensive infections, novel host partners and gives insights into origins

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