Distribution of the cattle ticks from mid hills to plains of Nepal

Abstract

Ticks cause serious economic losses in livestock production worldwide. A study was conducted in 2017/18 to determine the abundance of tick population on different geographical regions and body parts of cattle. Three study sites were taken from mid hill, inner terai and terai region of Nepal. A total of 45 dairy cattle (15 from each region) were included randomly for the study. Regarding the distribution of ticks in cattle body part, higher number of ticks were recorded on dewlap (38.61%) followed by perineum and udder (25.10%), ear base (15.06%), tail base (9.07%), abdomen (7.34%) and withers (4.83%). Similarly, highest numbers of ticks were recorded in Chitwan (19.46 ticks on an average) cattle followed by Dang (9.13 ticks on an average) and least in Lamjung (5.73 ticks on an average) cattle. This result indicates that higher tick infestation was found in warm, moist, hidden sites with good vascular supply and thin skin in cattle body. Similarly, more tick were recorded in cattle keeping with poor animal husbandry practices.

Molecular Detection and Identification of Piroplasm in Cattle from Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

“…In the mid-western terai region and hilly region of Nepal, Rhipicephalus microplus is the most prevalent tick, followed by Haemophysalis spp., Ixodes spp., and Amblyomma spp. [ 4 , 5 ]. The Kathmandu Valley is located in Nepal’s central hill regions, where the temperature (above 25 during summer and the rainy season) and humidity are favorable for tick reproduction, survival and activity.…”

“…However, the livestock sector suffers from a number of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites [ 3 ]. Among the parasitological problems, the damage caused by tick-borne protozoan parasites (TBPPs) is considered very high [ 4 ]. The prevalence of TBPPs is one of the major causes of the reduced productivity of livestock, and it causes substantial economic loss to livestock industries [ 5 ].…”

“…Nepal had 7.4 million cattle and their population has increased by 3% in the past 10 years [ 7 ]. Ticks, one of the many ectoparasites, have a significant negative impact on Nepal’s cattle industry [ 4 , 5 ]. Despite a large population of cattle with ticks, which are known vectors of infectious diseases, the diseases they transmit remain uncharacterized in Nepal.…”

The Effect of Effective Microorganisms on the Quality of Potato Chips and French Fries

“…Dhital et al [64] predict that the microstructure of foods and their response to deformation and hydration is a key factor affecting texture and taste sensation during grinding and processing of oral PC. Using a wide variety of microscopic techniques and labeling methods, they captured potato cell structure and fat distribution at various length scales and assessed the hydration effects of sliced potatoes and PC formed during the production process.…”

“…EM-FarmingTM preparations, in the opinion of Dithal and al. [64], have a great potential for biological interaction through specialized enzymes capable of transforming troublesome chemical compounds into their useful forms. Effective microorganisms help, among other things, in the production of disaccharide, which is trehalose, which has the ability to protect the entire plant when it is exposed to hazardous conditions, e.g., drought or high salinity.…”