Distribution of TET, AAC and CTX-M Genes among Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated From Poultry under Various Farming System of A and N Islands

Abstract

Background: Transmission of antibiotic resistance from animal food chain to human through animal food-borne pathogens have led to increased public concern. Wider surveillance on prevalence of antibiotic resistance in E. coli will provide information on evolution of resistance in various geographical locations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates from poultry under various farming system in A and N Islands and resistance genes of tet, ctx-M and aac encoding the isolates. Methods: Isolates were obtained from cloacal swabs in poultry under various farming systems and tested against major antimicrobial derivatives to study multi drug resistance. The presence of genes associated with resistance to tetracycline (tet A), ESBL (CTX-M) and Gentamycin (aac(3)-IV) were determined by PCR. Result: A total of 126 cloacal samples were analysed out of which 31.38% of the E.coli isolates from poultry under various farming systems were producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases and were multiple antimicrobial resistant. Poultry birds of commercial farms showed higher resistance levels (37.5%) than organised farms (24.76%) and desi birds (31.88%). Results indicate a high level of multi-drug resistance is emerging even in desi birds. It is suggested that an antimicrobial resistance surveillance program is needed in A and N Islands in order to detect bacterial resistance among rural poultry production as the 80 percentage of total poultry population belong to desi birds.

Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp. in Faecal Samples of Wild Birds

“…A relationship has been established between the level of antimicrobial resistance in faecal bacteria from animals and the level of contact of these animals with people (Radhouani et al, 2010). In a study, 31.8% E. coli isolates from poultry under various farming systems were producing extended spectrum betalactamases and were multiple antimicrobial resistant (Sunder et al, 2021). Contamination of the environment by the presence of multi-drug resistant bacteria of human and veterinary origin is leading to serious health concerns.…”

The Sea Urchin Sphaerechinus granularis (Lamarck, 1816) from the Mediterranean Sea: A New Natural Source of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Molecules

“…However, with the increasing and often unwarranted use of these molecules, bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics (Benhalima et al, 2015). The high level of antibiotic resistance might be due to the widespread and indiscriminate usage of antibiotics in the treatment (Sunder et al, 2021), so it is needful to search for alternative compounds that could effectively inhibit these bacteria (Aksoy, 2021). The bioactive molecules extracted from marine organisms are an important new resource for obtaining useful compounds (Chen and Hwang, 2014), marine organisms are well known to produce many numerous bioactive molecules, which serve various functions, such as antibacterial, anticoagulant, antiinflammatory and antitumor activities (Mayer et al, 2011).…”