Distribution of Streptomycin Resistant Strains of Erwinia amylovora in Egypt during 1988

Abstract

A survey of the occurrence of strains of Erwinia amylovora resistant to streptomycin in certain Egyptian pear orchards was earned out during April and May 1988. Twenty‐two isolates out of 604 isolates collected from 11 orchards showed resistance to streptomycin. All the streptomycin resistant (Strr) strains isolated in the present work were resistant to high levels of streptomycin with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1000 to 3000 μg/ml. The occurrence of Strr strains in Egypt is still limited and the population of resistant strains was at relatively low level. However, such occurrence of E. amylovora with resistance to streptomycin is a potentially serious situation.

Fire Blight Control: The Struggle Goes On. A Comparison of Different Fire Blight Control Methods in Switzerland with Respect to Biosafety, Efficacy and Durability

“…However, more permissive legislation on the application of streptomycin may lead to selection of streptomycin-resistant genes in the bacterial community. In Erwinia , the identification of streptomycin-resistant strains has already been observed, for example in the USA [61,62], Egypt [63], New Zealand [64], Israel [65], Canada [66], Lebanon (reviewed in [67]), Syria [68] and Mexico [69]. …”

“…If cisgenesis is considered equivalent to classical breeding, the risks to consumers will also be regarded from the regulatory point of view as similar and no further studies of consumer safety will be necessary. However, if cisgenic plants are considered to be GMO, numerous risk studies, including compositional analysis [60], toxicological safety and nutritional assessments [62], post-market monitoring [63], and environmental risk assessment [64], will have to be performed before a cisgenic FB-resistant apple cultivar would be authorized.…”

Phenotypic and genetic diversity of Erwinia amylovora: the causal agent of fire blight

“…The first report on this subject comes from California in 1971 (Miller and Schroth 1972), soon more reports appeared from Oregon and Washington (Coyier and Covey 1975) and in subsequent years from other parts of the USA where streptomycin was also used for control of fire blight (Chiou and Jones 1991). Recently, strains of E. amylovora resistant to this antibiotic have also been discovered outside of North America, for example, in Egypt (El-Goorani et al 1989), New Zealand (Thomson et al 1993), Israel (Manulis et al 1996), and Lebanon (Saad et al 2000). Among the resistant strains, two major phenotypes-high and medium-resistant were found (Chiou and Jones 1995;Coyier and Covey 1975;McManus and Jones 1994).…”

A model for the spread of fire blight during bloom

“…Although an indispensable tool at the moment, getting a uniform coverage of blossoms in an orchard with high foliage can be difficult. Further, the application of such pesticides has led to an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of the pathogen [35,36]. Integrated pest management (IPM) is an approach to pest control that aims to minimize economic, health and environmental risk [37].…”