Distribution of Small Intestinal Lesions in Anaphylaxis of Rats

Abstract

Hemorrhage and congestion were not uniformly distributed along the small intestine during systemic anaphylaxis in rats. Duodenum had little hemorrhage and congestion and the terminal ileum had even less. Maximum involvement occurred in jejunum of 13% of rats, in ileum of 47%, and in both jejunum and ileum of 40%. Sequential scoring along the entire length of small intestine revealed different patterns of distribution with more than one peak of intensity in some of the rats. Within a lesioned area, banding was common except where hemorrhage and congestion were so severe as to obliterate all patterns. Banding represented a gradient of injury with respect to the vascular supply. The pale stripes (less severe hemorrhage) contained the penetrating vessels derived from the terminal mesenteric arcades. The dark stripes (more severe hemorrhage) did not contain such vessels. In addition, the mesenteric side of the intestine was less affected than the antimesenteric side. This constituted a second gradient that might also be related to the distance from the vascular supply. In both instances, proximity to larger blood vessels had a protective effect. These two gradients and the variable sites and patterns of distribution have not been described previously in intestinal anaphylaxis. Gradients and the variability of the distribution of lesions in intestinal anaphylaxis should be considered in experiments on pathogenesis and altered function.

Mast-cell-dependent histamine release after praziquantel treatment of Schistosoma japonicum infection: implications for chemotherapy-related adverse effects

“…The small intestine of congenic normal mice exhibited findings similar to those described for intestinal anaphylaxis in experimental animal models ( Fig. 4B; D 'Inca et al 1990;Levine et al 1998;Li et al 1999), but these intestinal alterations were nearly absent in mastcell-deficient mice.…”

“…All of the congenic normal mice treated with praziquantel 8 weeks after S. japonicum infection exhibited systemic signs typical in rodent models of systemic anaphylaxis (D'Inca et al 1990;Levine and Saltzman 1998;Li et al 1999). The animals exhibited labored respiration, cyanosis and no activity immediately after praziquantel administration, findings which were associated with a gradual decrease in rectal temperature (Fig.…”

Acute exercise induces gastrointestinal leakage of allergen in lysozyme-sensitized mice

“…It seems that these mucosal lesions of the small intestine relate to the cause of gastrointestinal leakage of LYZ as an antigen, Furthermore, in this experiment, we also observed slight damage to the villi of the small intestine of the sensitized mice that were not exercised. The histologic appearance was essentially the same as that described in intestinal anaphylaxis in rats (Levine and Saltzman 1998) and mice (Li et al 1999). Li et al (1999) reported intestinal permeability after intragastric allergen challenge in sensitized mice.…”

Small bowel injury associated to allergy is triggered by platelet-activating factor, mast cells, neutrophils and protected by nitric oxide

“…In our experiments hemorrhage occurred in all segments of the small intestine being more intense in jejunum and ileum than in the duodenum corroborating previous finding by Levine and Saltzman [13]. However in their study the lesions were more intense in jejunum than in duodenum and ileum.…”