Distribution of serotypes and antibiotic resistance of invasive Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a multi-country collection

Abstract

Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide range of acute and chronic infections and is frequently associated with healthcare-associated infections. Because of its ability to rapidly acquire resistance to antibiotics, P. aeruginosa infections are difficult to treat. Alternative strategies, such as a vaccine, are needed to prevent infections. We collected a total of 413 P. aeruginosa isolates from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients from 10 countries located on 4 continents during 2005–2017 and characterized these isolates to inform vaccine development efforts. We determined the diversity and distribution of O antigen and flagellin types and antibiotic susceptibility of the invasive P. aeruginosa. We used an antibody-based agglutination assay and PCR for O antigen typing and PCR for flagellin typing. We determined antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results Of the 413 isolates, 314 (95%) were typed by an antibody-based agglutination assay or PCR (n = 99). Among the 20 serotypes of P. aeruginosa, the most common serotypes were O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O8, O9, O10 and O11; a vaccine that targets these 10 serotypes would confer protection against more than 80% of invasive P. aeruginosa infections. The most common flagellin type among 386 isolates was FlaB (41%). Resistance to aztreonam (56%) was most common, followed by levofloxacin (42%). We also found that 22% of strains were non-susceptible to meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam. Ninety-nine (27%) of our collected isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Isolates with FlaA2 flagellin were more commonly multidrug resistant (p = 0.04). Conclusions Vaccines targeting common O antigens and two flagellin antigens, FlaB and FlaA2, would offer an excellent strategy to prevent P. aeruginosa invasive infections.

Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serogroup G Using Real-Time PCR for Novel Target Genes Identified Through Comparative Genomics

“…Usually, P. aeruginosa produces two distinct forms of O-antigens, namely, a common polysaccharide antigen (CPA, A-band) composed of D-rhamnose homopolymers and an OSA consisting of a heteropolymer with three to five distinct sugars in its repeat units (Lam et al, 2011;Nasrin et al, 2022). The OSA determines the serotype specificity of the bacterium and thus differentiates the P. aeruginosa serotype (Nasrin et al, 2022). Researchers believed that a certain correlation exists between O antigen serotype and toxin secretion.…”

“…Based on the O-specific antigen (OSA, B-band), P. aeruginosa is classified into 14 serogroups (serogroups A-N), which correspond to the early international typing of O antigen serum (O1-O20) (Homma, 1982;Knirel et al, 2010;Lam et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2018). There is no difference between the serogroups G and O6 in the reaction principle, classification, and scope of inclusion, except for the name (Riaz and Hashmi, 2019;Nasrin et al, 2022). Serogroup G, often present in food and water, is the most widespread serotype, and one of the five most frequently studied serotypes (Faure et al, 2003;Mena and Gerba, 2009;Koch et al, 2014;Ayi, 2015;Balabanova et al, 2020;Howlader et al, 2021).…”

“…The P. aeruginosa serogroup G strain ST3449 shows resistance to multiple antibiotics and often leads to lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis and multiple drug resistant in infection in patients (Diaz-Rios et al, 2021). P. aeruginosa serogroup G is exceptionally resistant to antibiotics (over 90%), leading to a high mortality rate in burn victims (Nasrin et al, 2022). Rapid identification of the serogroup G strain is essential for early diagnosis.…”

Genome characterization of a uropathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate PA_HN002 with cyclic di-GMP-dependent hyper-biofilm production

“…ST804 was noted as a predominant clonal complex in 1990s with an obvious phenotype of multidrug resistance (De Oliveira Santos et al, 2019), while the other one was lacking of documentation. PAst analysis showed that PA_HN002 and PAO1 belonged to the same serotype O5 which is prevalent in burn wound infections (Nasrin et al, 2022). To understand the phylogenetic relationship of PA_HN002 with other P. aeruginosa strains, we conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of PA_HN002 with 6,800 assembled genomes from GenBank (data not shown) and 172 genomes (Table S2) which included the most related 168 genomes to PA_HN002 and three reference genomes of PAO1, PA7 and Mutations identified in the c-di-GMP metabolizing enzymes in PA_HN002 did not lead to its enhanced biofilm formation…”

Photodynamic Inactivation of Antibiotic-Resistant and Sensitive Aeromonas hydrophila with Peripheral Pd(II)- vs. Zn(II)-Phthalocyanines

“…Lately, PDT has been well-accepted as an emergency, low-cost antimicrobial treatment for local infections without other therapeutic options [ 11 ]. After the Golden age of antibiotics, PDT method has been of scientific interest because of the fast development of AMR and the fast increase in cases with lethal outcomes due to this resistance [ 12 ]. Antimicrobial PDT has been recently well-accepted as a potential preferable choice over the traditional antibiotics because of the lack of side effects, pathogenicity reversal, and further regrowth of the pathogenic species after the treatment [ 13 ].…”