Distribution of salicifoline in freeze-fixed stems of Magnolia kobus as observed by cryo-TOF-SIMS

Okumura, Wakaba; Aoki, Dan; Matsushita, Yasuyuki; Yoshida, Masato; Fukushima, Kazuhiko

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-06444-0

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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Section: Distribution Of Syringin In a Freeze-fixed Lilac Stemsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Based on this result, the xylem vessel sap content should vary with the differentiating and lignifying stages of the surrounding wood fibers. A similar situation was previously reported for M. kobus using cryo-TOF-SIMS/ SEM measurements(Okumura et al, 2017).The syringin visualization based on m/z 210 (Figure3d) and 411 (Figure3e) ions indicated nearly the same distribution. Syringin (Figure 3d,e) was detected in a wide area of the bark region except F I G U R E 2 Cryo-TOF-SIMS spectra and chemical structures of (a) syringin and (b) coniferin; (c) cryo-TOF-SIMS spectrum obtained from frozen, hydrated transverse surface of a lilac stem in the region containing the cambial zone and the differentiating xylem.…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

“…To imitate the chemical environment in plants, KCl was added to the standard aqueous solutions because K is the most abundant inorganic element in plants (Kirkby, 2012;Wang, Zheng, Shen, & Guo, 2013). As previously reported Okumura, Aoki, Matsushita, Yoshida, & Fukushima, 2017) and shown in Figure 2a If syringin and coniferin can be independently visualized, we can examine their differences in freeze-fixed plant stems. Unfortunately, the potassium adduct molecular ions of coniferin can overlap with potassium adduct disaccharide ions (C 12 H 22 O 11 K) at m/z 381 .…”

Section: Cambial Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Microscopic distribution of syringin in freeze‐fixed Syringa vulgaris stems

et al. 2019

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Monolignols are precursors of lignin, and their glucosides are often found in plants. Glucosylation creates water‐soluble and chemically stable monolignols by protecting the phenolic hydroxyl group. To discuss the role of sinapyl alcohol glucoside, syringin, in planta , the cellular distribution of syringin in the transverse and radial surfaces of quick‐frozen stems of Syringa vulgaris L. (lilac) was visualized by cryo‐time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (cryo‐TOF‐SIMS/SEM) analyses. The amount and rough distribution of syringin were confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography measurements using serial tangential sections of freeze‐fixed lilac stems. The syringin distribution was also discussed with reference to the tissue classification from microscopic observations. Syringin was mainly found in the phloem region. In the xylem region, syringin was evenly distributed irrespective of the cell type from the cambial zone to the early differentiating stage region and selectively distributed in vessels in the later differentiating stage region. After the lignification of wood fibers, syringin was found in rays and some vessels in the initial part of the annual rings. Previously, artificially administered isotope‐labeled syringin was shown to be assimilated into lignin in the differentiating xylem region. Based on this, our present data showing syringin storage in the differentiating xylem region and its variation depending on the lignification stage suggest that syringin works as a lignin precursor. Additionally, detection of syringin in vessels and rays indicates intercellular transportation of syringin in lilac stems.

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Section: Distribution Of Syringin In a Freeze-fixed Lilac Stemsupporting

confidence: 89%

supporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Cambial Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Microscopic distribution of syringin in freeze‐fixed Syringa vulgaris stems

et al. 2019

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“…The spatial distribution of 6 within and around the root was determined using cryo time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry/scanning electron microscopy (cryo-TOF-SIMS/SEM) analysis, a technique used to visualize the distribution of watersoluble compounds in freeze-fixed samples at microscopic resolution level (Aoki et al, 2016;Okumura et al, 2017). We focused on soybean root due to its high attraction potency compared with tomato.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Naturally Occurring Polyamines as Root-Knot Nematode Attractants

et al. 2020

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Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; genus Meloidogyne) are a class of plant parasites that infect the roots of many plant species. It is believed that RKNs target certain signaling molecules derived from plants to locate their hosts; however, currently, no plant compound has been unambiguously identified as a universal RKN attractant. To address this question, we screened a chemical library of synthetic compounds for Meloidogyne incognita attractants. The breakdown product of aminopropylamino-anthraquinone, 1,3-diaminopropane, as well as its related compounds, putrescine and cadaverine, were found to attract M. incognita. After examining various polyamines, M. incognita were found to be attracted specifically by natural compounds that possess three to five methylene groups between two terminal amino groups. Using cryo-TOF-SIMS/SEM, cadaverine was indeed detected in soybean root cortex cells and the surrounding rhizosphere, establishing a chemical gradient. In addition to cadaverine, putrescine and 1,3-diaminopropane were also detected in root exudate by HPLC-MS/MS. Furthermore, exogenously applied cadaverine is sufficient to enhance M. incognita infection of Arabidopsis seedlings. These results suggest that M. incognita is likely attracted by polyamines to locate the appropriate host plants, and the naturally occurring polyamines have potential applications in agriculture in developing protection strategies for crops from RKN infection.

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“…Imaging mass spectrometry is a powerful tool in mapping of inorganic ions and organic molecules in tissues. The most promising technique for in planta visualization of such water-soluble chemicals contained in vacuoles is the cryo-time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (cryo-TOF-SIMS) of freeze-fixed samples 16–20 . We have previously analyzed the distribution of Al and other inorganic ions in the stem of H. macrophylla and clarified the change in metal ions by treatment with aluminum salt 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct mapping of hydrangea blue-complex in sepal tissues of Hydrangea macrophylla

Ito

Aoki

Fukushima

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The original sepal color of Hydrangea macrophylla is blue, although it is well known that sepal color easily changes from blue through purple to red. All the colors are due to a unique anthocyanin, 3- O -glucosyldelphinidin, and both aluminum ion (Al 3+ ) and copigments, 5- O -caffeoyl and/or 5- O - p -coumaroylquinic acid are essential for blue coloration. A mixture of 3- O -glucosyldelphinidin, 5- O -acylquinic acid, and Al 3+ in a buffer solution at pH 4 produces a stable blue solution with visible absorption and circular dichroism spectra identical to those of the sepals, then, we named this blue pigment as ‘hydrangea blue-complex’. The hydrangea blue-complex consists of 3- O -glucosyldelphinidin, Al 3+ , and 5- O -acylquinic acid in a ratio 1:1:1 as determined by the electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. To map the distribution of hydrangea blue-complex in sepal tissues, we carried out cryo-time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis. The spectrum of the reproduced hydrangea blue-complex with negative mode-detection gave a molecular ion at m/z = 841, which was consistent with the results of ESI-TOF MS. The same molecular ion peak at m/z = 841 was detected in freeze-fixed blue sepal-tissue. In sepal tissues, the blue cells were located in the second layer and the mass spectrometry imaging of the ion attributable to hydrangea blue-complex overlapped with the same area of the blue cells. In colorless epidermal cells, atomic ion of Al 3+ was hardly detected and potassium adduct ion of 5- O -caffeoyl and/or 3- O -acylquinic acid were found. This is the first report about the distribution of aluminum, potassium, hydrangea blue-complex, and copigment in sepal tissues and the first evidence that aluminum and hydrangea blue-complex exist in blue sepal cells and are involved in blue coloration.

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Distribution of salicifoline in freeze-fixed stems of Magnolia kobus as observed by cryo-TOF-SIMS

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Microscopic distribution of syringin in freeze‐fixed Syringa vulgaris stems

Microscopic distribution of syringin in freeze‐fixed Syringa vulgaris stems

Identification of Naturally Occurring Polyamines as Root-Knot Nematode Attractants

Direct mapping of hydrangea blue-complex in sepal tissues of Hydrangea macrophylla

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