Distribution of recently identified bee-infecting viruses in managed honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations in the USA

Ray, Allyson M.; Lopez, Dawn; Martinez, J. Francisco Iturralde; Galbraith, David A.; Rose, Robyn; Engelsdorp, Dennis Van; Rosa, Cristina; Evans, Jay D.; Grozinger, Christina M.

doi:10.1007/s13592-020-00757-2

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Across the eight samples, the most consistently identified microbes were bacteria ( G. apicola and S. alvi ; found in all samples except one sample did not have a hit for S. alvi ); fungi ( Nosema ceranae , found in all but one sample); and viruses (Sacbrood virus, Black queen cell virus and Lake Sinai virus; found in all samples). Other viruses were identified, including Apis rhabdovirus , which coincides with a recent report that honeybees harbor more viruses than described in the curated HoloBee database [ 55 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Colony-Level Effects of Amygdalin on Honeybees and Their Microbes

Tauber

Tozkar

Schwarz

et al. 2020

Insects

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Amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside, is found in the nectar and pollen of almond trees, as well as in a variety of other crops, such as cherries, nectarines, apples and others. It is inevitable that western honeybees (Apis mellifera) consistently consume amygdalin during almond pollination season because almond crops are almost exclusively pollinated by honeybees. This study tests the effects of a field-relevant concentration of amygdalin on honeybee microbes and the activities of key honeybee genes. We executed a two-month field trial providing sucrose solutions with or without amygdalin ad libitum to free-flying honeybee colonies. We collected adult worker bees at four time points and used RNA sequencing technology and our HoloBee database to assess global changes in microbes and honeybee transcripts. Our hypothesis was that amygdalin will negatively affect bee microbes and possibly immune gene regulation. Using a log2 fold-change cutoff at two and intraday comparisons, we show no large change of bacterial counts, fungal counts or key bee immune gene transcripts, due to amygdalin treatment in relation to the control. However, relatively large titer decreases in the amygdalin treatment relative to the control were found for several viruses. Chronic bee paralysis virus levels had a sharp decrease (−14.4) with titers then remaining less than the control, Black queen cell virus titers were lower at three time points (<−2) and Deformed wing virus titers were lower at two time points (<−6) in amygdalin-fed compared to sucrose-fed colonies. Titers of Lotmaria passim were lower in the treatment group at three of the four dates (<−4). In contrast, Sacbrood virus had two dates with relative increases in its titers (>2). Overall, viral titers appeared to fluctuate more so than bacteria, as observed by highly inconstant patterns between treatment and control and throughout the season. Our results suggest that amygdalin consumption may reduce several honeybee viruses without affecting other microbes or colony-level expression of immune genes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Colony-Level Effects of Amygdalin on Honeybees and Their Microbes

Tauber

Tozkar

Schwarz

et al. 2020

Insects

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“…Although recently discovered viruses may well be less prevalent, these pathogens are also much less studied or screened for, creating a distorted view of their true distribution. One recent screening of apiaries in the USA showed however that two recently discovered viruses are widespread in the country [115]. Such screenings for new viruses should be encouraged for a comprehensive assessment of the global honey bee virome.…”

Section: Current Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Global Distribution of Viruses of the Western Honey Bee, Apis mellifera

Beaurepaire

Piot

Doublet

et al. 2020

Insects

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In the past centuries, viruses have benefited from globalization to spread across the globe, infecting new host species and populations. A growing number of viruses have been documented in the western honey bee, Apis mellifera. Several of these contribute significantly to honey bee colony losses. This review synthetizes the knowledge of the diversity and distribution of honey-bee-infecting viruses, including recent data from high-throughput sequencing (HTS). After presenting the diversity of viruses and their corresponding symptoms, we surveyed the scientific literature for the prevalence of these pathogens across the globe. The geographical distribution shows that the most prevalent viruses (deformed wing virus, sacbrood virus, black queen cell virus and acute paralysis complex) are also the most widely distributed. We discuss the ecological drivers that influence the distribution of these pathogens in worldwide honey bee populations. Besides the natural transmission routes and the resulting temporal dynamics, global trade contributes to their dissemination. As recent evidence shows that these viruses are often multihost pathogens, their spread is a risk for both the beekeeping industry and the pollination services provided by managed and wild pollinators.

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“…We verified that the viral load of colonies was homogeneous by aligning the paired-end, qualitycontrolled reads against an index of viruses found in A. mellifera (Ray et al 2020). For all bee samples (non-hygienic and hygienic), we found the presence of viral sequences (Supplementary Table 2).…”

Section: Presence Of Virusesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Transcriptomic analysis suggests candidate genes for hygienic behavior in African-derived Apis mellifera honeybees

et al. 2021

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Hygienic behavior is a social defense mechanism against parasites and pathogens in honeybees. We studied the genetic basis of hygienic behavior in African-derived Apis mellifera by performing RNA sequencing on brains of individual honeybee workers observed performing hygienic behavior, in order to identify expression changes linked with this behavior. We also used the transcriptome data to search for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation in genes previously associated with the trait in other A. mellifera populations. The analysis revealed 49 differentially expressed genes (DEG), most of them upregulated during hygienic acts. One DEG, Apidaecin , also showed SNP variation across samples, providing a promising candidate gene for both expression-based and heritable variation in hygienic behavior. We also identified 27 additional SNPs in the coding regions of five candidate genes previously linked with honeybee hygienic behavior. These results provide a useful starting place to analyze the genetic basis of hygienic behavior in African-derived honeybees.

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Distribution of recently identified bee-infecting viruses in managed honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations in the USA

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Colony-Level Effects of Amygdalin on Honeybees and Their Microbes

Colony-Level Effects of Amygdalin on Honeybees and Their Microbes

Diversity and Global Distribution of Viruses of the Western Honey Bee, Apis mellifera

Transcriptomic analysis suggests candidate genes for hygienic behavior in African-derived Apis mellifera honeybees

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