Distribution of quaternary ammonium salt encapsulated polyoxometalates in polyurethane films

Abstract

The distribution behavior of amphiphilic quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) encapsulated nickel substituted polyoxometalates (Ni-POMs) in hydrophilic and hydrophobic polyurethane films for potential coating additive applications was investigated. The relative lengths of the alkyl and ethoxy tail moieties of QAS exhibited significant effects on additive distribution behavior within polyurethane. Nonpolar-polar interactions between the QAS(Ni-POM) additive and polyurethane matrix determined dispersion and segregation of the additives. Incorporation of QAS(Ni-POM) in polyurethane resulted in the formation of circular surface domains, the diameters of which were dependent on QAS composition, loading concentration, and solvent evaporation rate. XPS depth profiling analysis indicated that QAS(Ni-POM)s surface segregated in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic polyurethanes. Reduced antimicrobial activity of the QAS(Ni-POM) coatings relative to QAS coatings confirmed that QAS remained coordinated to POM during film preparation. Alkyl tail length affected the hydrophilic character of QAS(Ni-POM), while ethoxy tail length modulated effective molecular radius, both of which are facile means to control the dispersion and phase separation of encapsulated POMs in polyurethane coatings.

Highly Efficient Antimicrobial and Antifouling Surface Coatings with Triclosan-Loaded Nanogels

“…Due to the aliphatic tails attached to the Q-nGel network, the surface-bound Q-nGels can be loaded with Triclosan to further increase the antimicrobial effectiveness of the coating. The loading of Triclosan into the hydrophobic cavities is possible due to the intraparticle micelle formation of the introduced dodecane chains in the aqueous environment. , These intraparticle micelles facilitate the encapsulation of hydrophobic components such as Triclosan, as shown in suspension in previous research . To achieve the Triclosan incorporation on the coated surface, a previously prepared Q-nGel bound glass substrate is immersed in a Triclosan solution.…”

Enhanced Antifouling and Anticorrosion Properties of Stainless Steel by Biomimetic Anchoring PEGDMA-Cross-Linking Polycationic Brushes

“…On the contrary, the amount of live cells of Pseudomonas bacteria adhered on the quaternized linear PDMAEMA-coated (SS- g -QP) surfaces has decreased substantially, and a major portion of Pseudomonas cells (appearing red) are dead. The high surface density of QAS moieties on the QPDMAEMA chains can disrupt the plasmic membrane and effectively kill the bacterial cells, thus resulting in the high antimicrobial efficiencies of the quaternalized polymer coatings. , Furthermore, the SS- g -QCP surface shows higher antibacterial ability toward Pseudomonas cells than that of the SS- g -QP surfaces, because less live cells are sparsely distributed over the entire surfaces of the SS- g -QCP surface, and the dead bacteria cells are significantly reduced as well. Taken together, these above results demonstrate that the SS- g -QCP surfaces exhibit better antibacterial and antiadhesion properties, since the PEGDMA macro-cross-linker possesses high affinity with water molecule, and thus leading to the formation a strong hydration layer on the cross-linked quaternized P­(DMAEMA) brushes, which prevents bacterial cells from adhering or anchoring on the surfaces.…”

Electrospinning of Tough and Elastic Liquid Crystalline Polymer–Polyurethane Composite Fibers: Mechanical Properties and Fiber Alignment

“…Vectran is a copolymer of 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid and 2‐hydroxy‐6‐naphtonic acid with a molar ratio of 73/27, respectively . Hydrothane is a linear polyurethane based on a glycol ether polyol backbone . The as‐received Vectran fibers (2 g) were washed with ≈5 mL warm deionized water containing two drops of Dawn dish detergent to remove a stearate‐based production coating and thoroughly rinsed and dried prior to use.…”