Distribution of pre- and post-Chernobyl radiocaesium with particle size fractions of soils

Spezzano, Pasquale

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.02.002

Cited by 54 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The 137 Cs in the clay fraction was 4-25 times higher than fine and coarse sand. This result shows agreement with those of previous studies demonstrating that 137 Cs was concentrated into the finer fraction in the soils, and where the concentration ratios of 137 Cs in clay against sand were 8-46 (Livens and Baxter 1988) and 3-43 (Spezzano 2005). Matsunaga et al (2013) examined the water solubility of radiocesium for surface soil (croplands, grasslands, and forest) collected from the southwestern part of Fukushima City during the pre-rainy season (June 18-20, 2011).…”

Section: Cs and 137 Cs In Surface Soil After The Fukushima Nuclear Acsupporting

confidence: 90%

Radionuclides Released from Nuclear Accidents: Distribution and Dynamics in Soil

Nagao

2016

Environmental Remediation Technologies for Metal-Contaminated Soils

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The Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986, the Mayak reprocessing plant accident in 1957, and the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in 2011 have released various radionuclides. Spatial distribution of radionuclides in surface soil constitutes fundamental information related to radiation exposure and to post-accident sources for secondary dispersion of radionuclides. The spatial and vertical distributions of 137 Cs, 90 Sr, and Pu from those three nuclear accidents were reviewed to elucidate the fate of the radionuclides in the soil environment. This chapter specifically presents information about the dynamics of radiocesium ( 134 Cs and 137 Cs) in the soil of contaminated areas because of its long half-life and its major contribution to the overall external radiation dose. Along with an examination of global fallout, for soils of various types, the existence forms and geochemical behavior of radiocesium in surface soil after the Fukushima accident are reviewed, as are similar results from the Chernobyl and Mayak nuclear accidents.

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Section: Cs and 137 Cs In Surface Soil After The Fukushima Nuclear Acsupporting

confidence: 90%

Radionuclides Released from Nuclear Accidents: Distribution and Dynamics in Soil

Nagao

2016

Environmental Remediation Technologies for Metal-Contaminated Soils

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“…3). Similar low extractability for this fraction was found in the study performed by Spezzano (2005). These results may be due to the low CEC of the soil used here as shown in Table 1, since a strong positive correlation between ammonium acetate-extracted Cs and CEC has been described (Koarashi et al 2012;Matsunaga et al 2013).…”

Section: Chemical Availability Of Cssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Regarding the amount of 137 Cs in this Fraction 1 of the tested soil, we need further investigation to understand the reasons of its existence. Despite the fact that the ammonium ion is very effective in desorbing Cs (Spezzano 2005), the amount of extractable 137 Cs by ammonium acetate was not detected in Fraction 2 (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Chemical Availability Of Csmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evaluation of the possibility to use the plant–microbe interaction to stimulate radioactive 137Cs accumulation by plants in a contaminated farm field in Fukushima, Japan

et al. 2014

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Field experiments in a contaminated farmland in Nihonmatsu city, Fukushima were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the plant-microbe interaction on removal of radiocesium. Before plowing, 93.3% of radiocesium was found in the top 5 cm layer (5,718 Bq kg DW(-1)). After plowing, Cs radioactivity in the 0-15 cm layer ranged from 2,037 to 3,277 Bq kg DW(-1). Based on sequential extraction, the percentage of available radiocesium (water soluble + exchangeable) was fewer than 10% of the total radioactive Cs. The transfer of (137)Cs was investigated in three agricultural crops; komatsuna (four cultivars), Indian mustard and buckwheat, inoculated with a Bacillus or an Azospirillum strains. Except for komatsuna Nikko and Indian mustard, inoculation with both strains resulted in an increase of biomass production by the tested plants. The highest (137)Cs radioactivity concentration in above-ground parts was found in Bacillus-inoculated komatsuna Nikko (121 Bq kg DW(-1)), accompanied with the highest (137)Cs TF (0.092). Furthermore, komatsuna Nikko-Bacillus and Indian mustard-Azospirillum associations gave the highest (137)Cs removal, 131.5 and 113.8 Bq m(-2), respectively. Despite the beneficial effect of inoculation, concentrations of (137)Cs and its transfer to the tested plants were not very high; consequently, removal of (137)Cs from soil would be very slow.

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“…The 33 Cs content can reach up to 94% of the total 137 Cs in the soils that were exposed to radiocesium contamination from the FDNPP accident [61]. The effects of elapsed time following the contamination of soils with 137 Cs were observed during our study of the 133 Cs contaminated samples [9,59,62].…”

Section: The Distribution Of Solid-phase Cs In Soils: Similarities Bementioning

confidence: 95%

Temporal variations of accumulated cesium in natural soils after an uncharacteristic external exposure

Sawai

Rahman

et al. 2015

Microchemical Journal

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The accumulation behaviors and solid phase partitioning patterns of stable cesium, which have been recognized as an indicator of the long-term movement of radioactive cesium ( 137 Cs or 134 Cs) in ecosystems, were studied in typical and natural soils of Japanese origin, namely, red clay, leaf-mold and andosol soils. The retention and migration of soil-phase cesium have been explained relative to various factors, such as soil organic matter contents, competitive cation concentrations and the adsorption ratio of Cs to the solid phase. Cesium was adsorbed nearly quantitatively in the leaf-mold type soil, and the rate of Cs absorption increased as the particle size decreased in the red clay and andosol soils. The distributions of Cs within the soil solid phases were defined using the selective sequential extraction scheme and were used to explain its relative incorporation in the soil fractions. Solid phase fractionation indicated that nearly half of the total cesium concentrations in the soils were in the 'residual' fraction (representing the metal that was incorporated within the crystalline lattice of the soil and was difficult to extract). These findings are expected to provide information regarding suitable conditions for remediation, immobilization or the recovery of cesium from contaminated soils with excess cesium concentrations. KeywordsCesium; Accidental exposure; Soil contamination; Solid-phase distribution; Sequential fractionation; Temporal variation 2 Microchemical Journal, 118: 158-165, 2015 The original publication is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2014.09.006 IntroductionWaste disposal operations or accidental releases due to nuclear-technology-related activities have resulted in the release of large amounts of radionuclides into the environment. Among the radioactive materials, the dispersion of radiocesium at elevated concentrations evokes concern due to its extended solubility characteristics as an alkaline metal ion, its comparatively longer half-life, and its easy incorporation into living beings [8][9][10] The objective of this study is to investigate the cesium distribution in the operationally defined physico-chemical and particle size fractions of soils to understand the temporal variations of cesium after being released at an uncharacteristic rate. Experimental InstrumentsThe atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) technique was used to determine the stable cesium concentration in solution. An AAnalyst 600 (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) was used that was equipped with a transverse heated graphite atomizer with an integrated, pyrolytic graphite coated platform and a longitudinal Zeeman-effect background corrector. The light source was an electrodeless discharge lamp (EDL) that was powered by an EDL System II that was operated at 18 mA. The wavelength was set at the 852.1 nm resonance line and the monochromator spectral bandpass was set at 0.7 nm. In addition, a baseline offset correction time at 2.0 s was used with a read delay of 0.0 s. Argon was used as the purg...

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Distribution of pre- and post-Chernobyl radiocaesium with particle size fractions of soils

Cited by 54 publications

References 31 publications

Radionuclides Released from Nuclear Accidents: Distribution and Dynamics in Soil

Radionuclides Released from Nuclear Accidents: Distribution and Dynamics in Soil

Evaluation of the possibility to use the plant–microbe interaction to stimulate radioactive 137Cs accumulation by plants in a contaminated farm field in Fukushima, Japan

Temporal variations of accumulated cesium in natural soils after an uncharacteristic external exposure

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