Distribution of Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB) Among Fractions Derived from Contaminated Human Plasma

Kuwahara, Steven S.; Calera, F.; Perry, Edmond S.

doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20280169967.x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The Michigan Public Health Laboratory measured serum PBB and PCB levels using gas chromatography with electron capture detection (25)(26)(27). Quantification of PBB was based upon 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromobiphenyl, which constitutes approximately 61% of Firemaster FF-1® (28).…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endometriosis Among Women Exposed to Polybrominated Biphenyls

Hoffman

Small

Blanck

et al. 2007

Annals of Epidemiology

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Purpose-We examined the association between endometriosis and exposure to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) among women inadvertently exposed to PBBs in 1973.Methods-Serum PBB and PCB were measured in the late 1970s. Women self-reported endometriosis at interview in 1997. We constructed Cox models to estimate the relative incidence of endometriosis in relation to PBB and PCB levels.Results-Seventy-nine of 943 women (9%) reported endometriosis. Compared to women with low PBB exposure (≤ 1 parts per billion [ppb]), women with moderate PBB (1-4 ppb) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-1.31) and high PBB (≥ 4 ppb) (HR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.51-1.59) exposure did not have increased incidence of endometriosis. Increased incidence of endometriosis was suggested among women exposed to moderate PCB (5-8 ppb) (HR = 1.67; 95% CI, 0.91-3.10) and high PCB (≥ 8 ppb) (HR = 1.68; 95% CI, 0.95-2.98) levels compared to low PCB exposure (≤ 5 ppb).Conclusions-Our study does not support an association between PBB exposure and endometriosis. Findings for serum PCB level are consistent with an emerging body of literature suggesting an association between PCB exposure and endometriosis.

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Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endometriosis Among Women Exposed to Polybrominated Biphenyls

Hoffman

Small

Blanck

et al. 2007

Annals of Epidemiology

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“…PBBs were measured in human serum using gas chromatography with electron capture detection (18)(19)(20). The denatured serum sample first undergoes an ether-ethyl or hexaneether extraction and is then passed through cither a Florisil or Florisil and silica gel column (20).…”

Section: Pbb Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The denatured serum sample first undergoes an ether-ethyl or hexaneether extraction and is then passed through cither a Florisil or Florisil and silica gel column (20). Quantitation of PBB was based on PBB153.…”

Section: Pbb Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Polybrominated Biphenyl Serum Decay among Women in the Michigan PBB Cohort

Blanck¹,

Marcus²,

Hertzberg³

et al. 2000

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Accidental contamination of the food chain in Michigan in 1973 with polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) led to the establishment of a registry of exposed individuals in 1976. Serum was collected and analyzed for PBB at the time of enrollment and for targeted studies in the following years. We used the archived PBB data to study the elimination of PBB and to identify factors associated with elimination. A total of 380 women ≥ 16 years of age who had an initial PBB level of 2 ppb and at least two serum samples drawn when they were not pregnant were included in the analysis. The mean initial PBB level was 20.9 ppb (median 4) and mean time between the first and last measurement was 4.2 years (range 0.5-11.1). PBB was assumed to reach equilibrium in the body before substantial amounts were eliminated and before the first serum measurements were taken; therefore, the entire body was modeled as a single compartment for PBB with exponential decay. Subject-specific decay rate estimates were regressed on predictor variables including initial age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, breast-feeding duration, and parity. In women with an initial PBB level < 10 ppb, the median half-life was 12.9 years; in those with > 10 ppb, the median half-life was 28.7 years. Decay was significantly slower among women with an initial BMI at or above the median (BMI ≥ 23). The calculated half-life values are estimates of decay and can be used to estimate body burden of PBB at various points in time other than at the time of serum collection.Address correspondence to M. Marcus, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Room 460, Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Telephone: (404) . mmarcus@sph.emory.edu. PBBs were used as fire retardants for molded plastic parts, such as the cases of televisions, typewriters, and business machines. In 1973, an industrial accident resulted in the inadvertent substitution of FireMaster for NutriMaster (feed-grade magnesium oxide), a nutritional supplement, into livestock feed. In the following months, many Michigan residents unknowingly ate animal and dairy products that had been contaminated with PBBs. Once the PBB contamination was discovered, public concern prompted assessment of possible adverse health consequences in exposed individuals. A pilot study was conducted in 1974 and a registry of exposed individuals was established in 1976. Details of the incident and the cohort have been described previously (1-5). HHS Public AccessThere is renewed interest in the possible human health effects of PBBs because of their potential role as endocrine disruptors. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals include a family of structurally similar halogenated organics that have the ability to mimic or block normal hormonal activity. They are widespread in occurrence, resistant to degradation, and accumulate in fatty tissue. These chemicals include DDT and its degradation product DDE; 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin (TCDD); polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); and PBBs. ...

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“…PBBs were measured in human serum using gas chromatography with electron capture detection (18)(19)(20). The denatured serum sample first undergoes an ether-ethyl or hexane-ether extraction and is then passed through either a Florisil or Florisil and silica gel column (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of polybrominated biphenyl serum decay among women in the Michigan PBB cohort.

Blanck

Marcus²,

Hertzberg³

et al. 2000

Environ Health Perspect

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Accidental contamination of the food chain in Michigan in 1973 with polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) led to the establishment of a registry of exposed individuals in 1976. Seram was collected and analyzed for PBB at the time of enrollment and for targeted studies in the following years. We used the archived PBB data to study the elimination ofPBB and to identify factors associated with elimination. A total of 380 women 2 16 years of age who had an initial PBB level of 2 ppb and at least two serum samples drawn when they were not pregnant were induded in the analysis.The mean initial PBB level was 20.9 ppb (median 4) and mean time between the first and last measurement was 4.2 years (range 0.5-11.1). PBB was assumed to reach equilibrium in the body before substantial amounts were eliminated and before the first serum measurements were taken; therefore, the entire body was modeled as a single compartment for PBB with exponential decay.Subject-specific decay rate estimates were regressed on predictor variables icluding initial age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, breast-feeding duration, and parity. In women with an initial PBB level < 10 ppb, the median half-life was 12.9 years; in those with > 10 ppb, the medi- (91; there-fore, the Michigan individuals were mainly exposed to virtually unchanged PBB153. In the absence of metabolism, elimination is a slow process. Some PBB is eliminated through feces and hair. In women, PBB can be eliminated through lactation. There is also evidence that some PBB is transferred to offspring during pregnancy (4,10,11). The highest PBB concentrations in the body are found in adipose tissue, but it can also be detected at lower concentrations in serum and other lipid-rich tissues, such as the skin and liver.There are two previous reports of serum PBB half-life in women. Both of these studies were conducted using data from the Michigan PBB cohort (12,13

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Distribution of Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB) Among Fractions Derived from Contaminated Human Plasma

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Endometriosis Among Women Exposed to Polybrominated Biphenyls

Endometriosis Among Women Exposed to Polybrominated Biphenyls

Determinants of Polybrominated Biphenyl Serum Decay among Women in the Michigan PBB Cohort

Determinants of polybrominated biphenyl serum decay among women in the Michigan PBB cohort.

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