Distribution of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 2 in zebrafish brain

Nakamachi, Tomoya; Kamata, Eri; Tanigawa, Ayano; Konno, Norifumi; Shioda, Seiji; Matsuda, Kouhei

doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2018.03.006

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…While in the telencephalon, adcyap1b expression was maximal, but adcyap1a expression was lowest. This result is in agreement with previous results showing that adcyap1b mRNA and PACAP2 immunoreactivity are highly expressed in the telencephalon (7). Measurements of the PACAP receptor showed that adcyaplr1a mRNA was highly expressed in the telencephalon.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The distribution and tissue expression of adcyap1b mRNA quantified by relative quantification real-time PCR was described previously (7); however, a comparison of the distribution and expression of the duplicated PACAP or PAC1R mRNA was not studied. Therefore, the present study used absolute quantified real-time PCR for this comparison.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result indicates that zfPACAP has potent anorexigenic effects in the brain. PACAP1 and PACAP2 share 82% homology between their amino acid sequences (7). It seems that the 18% of the sequence that differs does not significantly influence the anorexigenic effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although PACAP is encoded by the adcyap1 gene in tetrapods, teleost fish have two PACAPs (PACAP1, encoded by the adcyap1a gene and PACAP2, encoded by the adcyap1b gene) and two PACAP receptors (PAC1Rs; PAC1Ra, encoded by the adcyap1r1a gene, and PAC1Rb, encoded by the adcyap1r1b gene) by teleost-specific whole-genome duplication (5, 6). We previously reported the tissue distribution of PACAP2 and adcyap1b in zebrafish (7); however, the correlation between expression and distribution of the two PACAPs and PAC1Rs has not yet been clarified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression Patterns of PACAP and PAC1R Genes and Anorexigenic Action of PACAP1 and PACAP2 in Zebrafish

et al. 2019

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Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with potent suppressive effects on feeding behavior in rodents, chicken, and goldfish. Teleost fish express two PACAPs (PACAP1, encoded by the adcyap1a gene, and PACAP2, encoded by the adcyap1b gene) and two PACAP receptors (PAC1Rs; PAC1Ra, encoded by the adcyap1r1a gene, and PAC1Rb, encoded by the adcyap1r1b gene). However, the mRNA expression patterns of the two PACAPs and PAC1Rs, and the influence and relationship of the two PACAPs on feeding behavior in teleost fish remains unclear. Therefore, we first examined mRNA expression patterns of PACAP and PAC1R in tissue and brain. All PACAP and PAC1Rs mRNAs were dominantly expressed in the zebrafish brain. However, adcyap1a mRNA was also detected in the gut and testis. In the brain, adcyap1b and adcyap1r1a mRNA levels were greater than that of adcyap1a and adcyap1r1b , respectively. Moreover, adcyap1b and adcyap1r1a mRNA were dominantly expressed in telencephalon and diencephalon. The highest adcyap1a mRNA levels were detected in the brain stem and diencephalon, while the highest levels of adcyap1r1b were detected in the cerebellum. To clarify the relationship between PACAP and feeding behavior in the zebrafish, the effects of zebrafish (zf) PACAP1 or zfPACAP2 intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection were examined on food intake, and changes in PACAP mRNA levels were assessed against feeding status. Food intake was significantly decreased by ICV injection of zfPACAP1 (2 pmol/g body weight), zfPACAP2 (2 or 20 pmol/g body weight), or mammalian PACAP (2 or 20 pmol/g). Meanwhile, the PACAP injection group did not change locomotor activity. Real-time PCR showed adcyap1 mRNA levels were significantly increased at 2 and 3 h after feeding compared with the pre-feeding level, but adcyap1b, adcyap1r1a , and adcyap1r1b mRNA levels did not change after feeding. These results suggest that the expression levels and distribution of duplicated PACAP and PAC1R genes are different in zebrafish, but the anorexigenic effects of PACAP are similar to those seen in other vertebrates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression Patterns of PACAP and PAC1R Genes and Anorexigenic Action of PACAP1 and PACAP2 in Zebrafish

et al. 2019

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“…This peptide is found from invertebrates to humans. PACAP was demonstrated in various non-mammalian vertebrates such as different species of fish (8)(9)(10)(11), frogs (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) and birds (18,19). PACAP was able to stimulate AC in frog anterior pituitary cells (13,14,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current State of Understanding of the Role of PACAP in the Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal Gonadotropin Functions of Mammals

et al. 2020

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PACAP was discovered 30 years ago in Dr. Akira Arimura's laboratory. In the past three decades since then, it has become evident that this peptide plays numerous crucial roles in mammalian organisms. The most important functions of PACAP are the following: 1. neurotransmitter, 2. neuromodulator, 3. hypophysiotropic hormone, 4. neuroprotector. This paper reviews the accumulated data regarding the distribution of PACAP and its receptors in the mammalian hypothalamus and pituitary gland, the role of PACAP in the gonadotropin hormone secretion of females and males. The review also summarizes the interaction between PACAP, GnRH, and sex steroids as well as hypothalamic peptides including kisspeptin. The possible role of PACAP in reproductive functions through the biological clock is also discussed. Finally, the significance of PACAP in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system is considered and the facts missing, that would help better understand the function of PACAP in this system, are also highlighted.

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An atlas and database of neuropeptide gene expression in the adult zebrafish forebrain

Hiraki‐Kajiyama,

Miyasaka,

Ando

et al. 2024

J of Comparative Neurology

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Zebrafish is a useful model organism in neuroscience; however, its gene expression atlas in the adult brain is not well developed. In the present study, we examined the expression of 38 neuropeptides, comparing with GABAergic and glutamatergic neuron marker genes in the adult zebrafish brain by comprehensive in situ hybridization. The results are summarized as an expression atlas in 19 coronal planes of the forebrain. Furthermore, the scanned data of all brain sections were made publicly available in the Adult Zebrafish Brain Gene Expression Database (https://ssbd.riken.jp/azebex/). Based on these data, we performed detailed comparative neuroanatomical analyses of the hypothalamus and found that several regions previously described as one nucleus in the reference zebrafish brain atlas contain two or more subregions with significantly different neuropeptide/neurotransmitter expression profiles. Subsequently, we compared the expression data in zebrafish telencephalon and hypothalamus obtained in this study with those in mice, by performing a cluster analysis. As a result, several nuclei in zebrafish and mice were clustered in close vicinity. The present expression atlas, database, and anatomical findings will contribute to future neuroscience research using zebrafish.

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Distribution of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 2 in zebrafish brain

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Expression Patterns of PACAP and PAC1R Genes and Anorexigenic Action of PACAP1 and PACAP2 in Zebrafish

Expression Patterns of PACAP and PAC1R Genes and Anorexigenic Action of PACAP1 and PACAP2 in Zebrafish

Current State of Understanding of the Role of PACAP in the Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal Gonadotropin Functions of Mammals

An atlas and database of neuropeptide gene expression in the adult zebrafish forebrain

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