Distribution of phenols related to self-heating and water washing on coal-waste dumps and in coaly material from the Bierawka river (Poland)

Abstract

Several types of coal waste (freshly-dumped waste, self-heated waste and waste eroded by rain water), river sediments and river water were sampled. The aim was to identify the types of phenols present on the dumps together with their relative abundances. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of a large number of samples (234) statistically underpin the phenol distributions in the sample sets. The largest average relative contents (1.17-13.3%) of phenols occur in the self-heated samples. In these, relatively high amounts of phenol, C1- and C2-phenols reflect the thermal destruction of vitrinite. In fresh coal waste, C2- and C3-phenols that originated from the bacterial/fungal degradation and oxidation of vitrinite particles are the most common (0.6 rel.%). Water-washed coal waste and water samples contain lower quantities of phenols. In the river sediments, the phenols present are the result of bacterial- or fungal decay of coaly organic matter or are of industrial origin.

Self-Heating Coal Waste Fire Monitoring and Related Environmental Problems: Case Studies from Poland and Ukraine

“…That reflects the thermal destruction of vitrinite via coking conditions they may represent the relatively early stages of self-heating (Skręt et al, 2010;Misz-Kennan and Fabiańska, 2011;Nádudvari et al, 2015). Especially high concentrations occur in samples containing pyrolytic bitumen or thermally affected wastes, whereas burned out coal wastes (clinker) usually contains no or small concentrations since phenols are easily evaporable by higher temperatures or leached by water (Nádudvari et al, 2015(Nádudvari et al, , 2016. Therefore, the identification of these toxic compounds is important around those dumps, especially in Ukraine, where a large number of burning coal waste dumps pose a serious environmental-pollution threat (Nádudvari et al, 2021a).…”