Distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in fish species from the Baltic Sea and freshwaters in Finland

Koponen, Jani; Rantakokko, Panu; Airaksinen, Riikka; Ruokojärvi, Päivi; Kiviranta, Hannu; Vuorinen, Pekka J.; Myllylä, Timo; Keinänen, Marja; Raitaniemi, Jari; Mannio, Jaakko; Junttila, Ville; Nieminen, Janne; Venäläinen, Eija-Riitta; Jestoi, Marika

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132688

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Consumption of a 200 g fish portion led to high exposure for children of 10.16-25.13 ng/kg b.w., which corresponded to a two-to six fold TWI exceedance. These data indicate that Baltic fish coming from ICES zones 24-26 are a significant source of PFASs for fish consumers, which is consistent with the indication from data from other Baltic regions (Falandysz et al 2006;Kumar et al 2022) and various parts of the world (Barbarossa et al 2016;Costopoulou et al 2022;EFSA 2020). Cooking fish does not affect PFAS levels (Bhavsar et al 2014;Taylor et al 2019), while statistically significant increases in these levels were noted while frying or grilling it (Vassiliadou et al 2015).…”

Section: Dietary Intakesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid was detected only in two samples of sprat. This compound was not detected in herring along the Finnish coast (Junttila et al 2019;Kumar et al 2022). No samples gave detection of PFBS, PFHpA, PFPeS, or PFDoA, regardless of fish species (Table S3).…”

Section: Individual Pfass Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean PFOS level in herring samples from this study of 0.81 µg/kg w.w. was higher than that in samples of this species caught in waters around the UK and European coasts of the North Atlantic, the mean of was 0.59 µg/kg w.w, while sprat from our study were less contaminated than those from the UK, having a mean 2.63 µg/ kg w.w. concentration against the mean of 3.94 µg/kg w.w in the UK samples (Fernandes et al 2018). The concentration of PFOS reported in herring from the northern part of the Baltic Sea along the Finnish coast (ICES zones 29, 30, and 32) was substantially higher at a median 1.90-3.40 µg/ kg w.w. than our median concentration of 0.72 µg/kg w.w., but sprat from those same zones were similarly contaminated with 1.30-2.50 µg/kg w.w. PFOS concentrations to those in this study, with a median 1.91 µg/kg w.w. (Kumar et al 2022). Sprat caught along the Swedish coast (ICES 31) contained PFOS at the level of 0.45-0.50 µg/kg w.w., and in ICES 25, their contamination was 0.64-0.67 µg/ kg w.w, which was lower than our result of 0.81 µg/kg w.w.…”

Section: Individual Pfass Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in ICES 27 the concentrations were significantly higher at 3.1-3.3 µg/kg w.w. (Faxneld et al 2014). The median level of PFOS in salmon of 1.3 µg/kg w.w. was two-to three-fold lower than those in salmon caught along the Finnish coast (ICES 30-32) of 2.7-4.3 µg/kg w.w. (Kumar et al 2022). Schultes et al revealed a rising trend of PFOS in cod caught south-east of Gotland between 1981 and 2013.…”

Section: Individual Pfass Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perfluoroalkyl substances in Baltic fish – the risk to consumers

Mikołajczyk

Warenik-Bany

Pajurek

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in five Baltic fish species (sprat, herring, salmon, trout, and cod). Each species’ median lower bound (LB) concentration of ∑14 PFASs was as follows: in sprat it was 3.54 µg/kg wet weight (w.w.), in cod 2.15 µg/kg w.w., in salmon 2.10 µg/kg w.w., in trout 2.03 µg/kg w.w. and in herring 1.74 µg/kg w.w.. Regarding the species’ median LB of ∑4 PFASs (perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS)), sprat was the most contaminated with 2.90 µg/kg w.w. and herring was the least with 1.17 µg/kg w.w.. Among all PFASs, PFOS was found in the highest concentrations (range 0.04–9.16 µg/kg w.w.) and the percentage share in the total concentration of ∑14 PFASs was between 56 and 73%. The average proportion of linear PFOS (L-PFOS) in the total PFOS (branched and linear) was the highest in salmon at 89% and trout at 87%, and in the other three species it ranged from 75 to 80%. Different consumption scenarios were assumed and the intake of PFASs was calculated for children and adults. Dietary intake via fish consumption was 3.20–25.13 ng/kg of body weight (b.w.) for children and 1.68–8.30 ng/kg b.w. for adults. Baltic fish caught along Polish coastal areas are a significant source of PFASs, especially for children.

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Section: Dietary Intakesupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Individual Pfass Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Individual Pfass Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Individual Pfass Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perfluoroalkyl substances in Baltic fish – the risk to consumers

Mikołajczyk

Warenik-Bany

Pajurek

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…At the organismal level, exposure is affected by factors such as environmental concentrations, diet, feeding behavior, trophic level, and migration. For example, within a localized contaminated environment, PFAS profiles of benthic and pelagic organisms may reflect differences in bioavailability and environmental partitioning. , Following exposure, several factors play critical roles in PFAS bioaccumulation, resulting in differences across species within geographical regions. , Bioaccumulation is determined by toxicokinetics, which includes absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and elimination. ,− Adequate understanding of species-specific differences in PFAS bioaccumulation warrants evaluation of relationships between these processes. In most environments, organisms are likely exposed to a mixture of several different PFAS.…”

Section: Conclusion and Research Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Bioaccumulation Patterns of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the Marine Environment

2023

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Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic compounds used in commercial applications, household products, and industrial processes. The concern around the environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of this vast contaminant class continues to rise. We conducted a review of the scientific literature to compare patterns of PFAS bioaccumulation in marine organisms and identify compounds of potential concern. PFAS occurrence data in seawater, sediments, and several marine taxa was analyzed from studies published between the years 2000 and 2020. Taxonomic and tissuespecific differences indicated elevated levels in protein-rich tissues and in air-breathing organisms compared to those that respire in water. Long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, particularly perfluoroundecanoic acid, were detected at high concentrations across several taxa and across temporal studies indicating their persistence and bioaccumulative potential. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid was elevated in various tissue types across taxa. Precursors and replacement PFAS were detected in several marine organisms. Identification of these trends across habitats and taxa can be applied toward biomonitoring efforts, determination of high-risk taxa, and criteria development. This review also highlights challenges related to PFAS biomonitoring including (i) effects of environmental and biological variables, (ii) evaluation of protein binding sites and affinities, and (iii) biotransformation of precursors.

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