Distribution of Parthenogenesis-Inducing Symbionts in Ovaries and Eggs of Aphytis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Zchori-Fein, Einat; Roush, Richard T.; Rosen, David

doi:10.1007/s002849900270

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Concentration of Wolbachia in the germ plasm of embryos has been reported previously for the Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S strain (16), the wasp Nasonia (4), some Trichogramma species (32,40), and Aphytis (47). On the other hand, Wolbachia cells were found to be equally distributed in the cortex of Drosophila simulans Riverside embryos (3,31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

Heads or Tails: Host-Parasite Interactions in the Drosophila-Wolbachia System

Veneti

Clark

Karr

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

149

164

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Wolbachia strains are endosymbiotic bacteria typically found in the reproductive tracts of arthropods. These bacteria manipulate host reproduction to ensure maternal transmission. They are usually transmitted vertically, so it has been predicted that they have evolved a mechanism to target the host's germ cells during development. Through cytological analysis we found that Wolbachia strains display various affinities for the germ line of Drosophila. Different Wolbachia strains show posterior, anterior, or cortical localization in Drosophila embryos, and this localization is congruent with the classification of the organisms based on the wsp (Wolbachia surface protein) gene sequence. This embryonic distribution pattern is established during early oogenesis and does not change until late stages of embryogenesis. The posterior and anterior localization of Wolbachia resembles that of oskar and bicoid mRNAs, respectively, which define the anterior-posterior axis in the Drosophila oocyte. By comparing the properties of a single Wolbachia strain in different host backgrounds and the properties of different Wolbachia strains in the same host background, we concluded that bacterial factors determine distribution, while bacterial density seems to be limited by the host. Possible implications concerning cytoplasmic incompatibility and evolution of strains are discussed.

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mentioning

confidence: 68%

Heads or Tails: Host-Parasite Interactions in the Drosophila-Wolbachia System

Veneti

Clark

Karr

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

149

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This positions Wolbachia at the site of the future germline prior to cellularization, promoting subsequent envelopment of Wolbachia by the germline cells. Posterior Wolbachia localization in late oogenesis has also been observed in several mosquito and hymenopteran host species (18,40,136,140,156,160), suggesting that posterior localization is successful as a Wolbachia transmission strategy.…”

Section: How Wolbachia Localization Relates To Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Genetics and Cell Biology of Wolbachia-Host Interactions

et al. 2008

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Wolbachia are gram-negative bacteria that are widespread in nature, carried by the majority of insect species as well as some mites, crustaceans, and filarial nematodes. Wolbachia can range from parasitic to symbiotic, depending upon the interaction with the host species. The success of Wolbachia is attributed to efficient maternal transmission and manipulations of host reproduction that favor infected females, such as sperm-egg cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). Much remains unknown about the mechanistic basis for Wolbachia-host interactions. Here we summarize the current understanding of Wolbachia interaction with insect hosts, with a focus on Drosophila. The areas of discussion include Wolbachia transmission in oogenesis, Wolbachia distribution in spermatogenesis, induction and rescue of the CI phenotype, Wolbachia genomics, and Wolbachia-membrane interactions. 683

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“…Wolbachia, which is particularly frequent in insects (Braig et al, 2002), is vertically transmitted from generation to generation via the oocytes, which are infected in the ovary by the follicle cells (Zchori-Fein et al, 1998). However, it can also be horizontally transmitted among different species, a process called infectious parthenogenesis (Huigens et al, 2000).…”

Section: Parthenogenesis In Crustaceans and Possible Origin Of Parthementioning

confidence: 98%

Life stages and reproductive components of the Marmorkrebs (marbled crayfish), the first parthenogenetic decapod crustacean

Vogt

Tolley

Scholtz

2004

Journal of Morphology

117

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Recently, we briefly reported on the first case of parthenogenesis in the decapod Crustacea which was found in the Marmorkrebs or marbled crayfish, a cambarid species of unknown geographic origin and species identity. Curiously, this animal is known only from aquarium populations, where it explosively propagates. By means of light and electron microscopic techniques we have now investigated the reproductive components of this crayfish, using more than 100 specimens ranging from hatchling to repeatedly spawned adult. Additionally, we documented its principal life stages. Our results revealed that the external sexual characters and also the gonads of the marbled crayfish are purely female, making this fast-reproducing species a good model for investigating female reproductive features in crayfish. Testicular tissues, ovotestes, or male gonoducts, gonopores, or gonopods were never found, either in small juveniles or large adult specimens, confirming the parthenogenetic nature of this crayfish. Parthenogenesis may have arisen spontaneously or by interspecific hybridization since Wolbachia-like feminizing microorganisms were not found in the ovaries. The external sexual characters of the marbled crayfish are first recognized in Stage 4 juveniles and are structurally complete approximately 2 months after hatching in specimens of approximately 2 cm total length. In the same life stage the ovary is fully differentiated as well, although the oocytes are in previtellogenic and primary vitellogenic stages only. The architecture of the mature ovary and also the synchronous maturation of cohorts of primary vitellogenic oocytes by secondary vitellogenesis are in general agreement with data published on ovaries of bisexual crayfish. New results were obtained with respect to the muscular nature of the ovarian envelope and its extensive proliferation after the first spawning, the distribution of hemal sinuses in the ovarian envelope and in the interstitium around the oogenetic pouches, the high transport activity of the follicle cells, and the colonization of oogenetic pouches by previtellogenic oocytes that originate in the germaria. Investigation of the nuclei of oocytes in the germaria and oogenetic pouches revealed no signs of meiosis, as usually found in females of bisexual decapods, suggesting that parthenogenesis in the marbled crayfish might be an apomictic thelytoky. The detection of new rickettsial and coccidian infections in the ovary and further organs raises fears that the marbled crayfish might endanger native European species by transmission of pathogens once escaped into the wild.

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Distribution of Parthenogenesis-Inducing Symbionts in Ovaries and Eggs of Aphytis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Cited by 46 publications

References 27 publications

Heads or Tails: Host-Parasite Interactions in the Drosophila-Wolbachia System

Heads or Tails: Host-Parasite Interactions in the Drosophila-Wolbachia System

The Genetics and Cell Biology of Wolbachia-Host Interactions

Life stages and reproductive components of the Marmorkrebs (marbled crayfish), the first parthenogenetic decapod crustacean

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