Distribution of Parasites and Pathologies in Sentinel Bivalves: Noaa Status and Trends “Mussel Watch” Program

Kim, Yungkul; Powell, Eric N.

doi:10.2983/0730-8000(2007)26[1115:dopapi]2.0.co;2

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Between the PCR section and the palps, and adjacent to the piece of gill taken for PCR, a 5 mm section that included the mantle, gill, and visceral mass was removed and placed in a labeled cassette in Davidson's fixative. The first 5 of the 12 oysters were subsequently sectioned, stained, and examined for parasites and pathological conditions (Kim & Powell 2007). Each EtOH-fixed gill sample from the same 5 oysters was individually minced and thoroughly mixed to maximize the representation of different portions of the gill in the sample taken for PCR analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dis Aquat Org 93: [251][252][253][254][255][256] 2011 C. virginica from Nova Scotia, Canada, to Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA (Haskin & Andrews 1988, Barber et al 1997, Stephenson et al 2003, but none of the several histological studies of oysters in the Gulf of Mexico have reported H. nelsoni or any other haplosporidian (Couch 1985, Gauthier et al 1990, Fisher et al 1996, Kim et al 1998, Winstead et al 2004, Kim & Powell 2006. The most comprehensive of these is the annual status and trends (S&T) …”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most comprehensive of these is the annual status and trends (S&T) program (http:// ccma.nos.noaa.gov/about/coast/nsandt/welcome. html), which includes histological examination of approximately 200 oysters annually (1995 to present) from among 82 sites in the Gulf of Mexico from Texas to Florida, USA, and Puerto Rico (Kim & Powell 2006 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ulrich et al (2007) study did not include histological confirmation of the PCR results, whereas the negative results that we found in our PCR assay were consistent with those from histological examination of the same oysters, as well as previous histological surveys of Crassostrea virginica in the Gulf of Mexico, including the annual Mussel Watch analyses that began in 1995. Since at least 1978, several thousand oysters have been examined histologically without finding any recognizable haplosporidian (Couch 1985, Gauthier et al 1990, Fisher et al 1996, Kim et al 1998, Fisher et al 2000, Winstead et al 2004, Kim & Powell 2006. In addition, at least one other study has examined Gulf of Mexico oysters using both PCR and histology.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Widespread survey finds no evidence of Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) in Gulf of Mexico oysters

Ford

Paterno²,

Scarpa³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The advent of molecular detection assays has provided a set of very sensitive tools for the detection of pathogens in marine organisms, but it has also raised problems of how to interpret positive signals that are not accompanied by visual confirmation. PCR-positive results have recently been reported for Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX), a pathogen of the oyster Crassostrea virginica in 31 of 40 oysters from 6 sites in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Histological confirmation of the PCR results was not undertaken, and no haplosporidian has been reported from the numerous histological studies and surveys of oysters in the region. To further investigate the possibility that H. nelsoni is present in this region, we sampled 210 oysters from 40 sites around the Gulf of Mexico and Puerto Rico using PCR and 180 of these using tissue-section histology also. None of the oysters showed evidence of H. nelsoni by PCR or of any haplosporidian by histology. We cannot, therefore, confirm that H. nelsoni is present and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Our results do not prove that H. nelsoni is absent from the region, but taken together with results from previous histological surveys, they suggest that for the purposes of controlling oyster importation, the region should continue to be considered free of the parasite. KEY WORDS: PCR · Oyster · Crassostrea virginica · Molecular detection · Infection · Shellfish importation · Haplosporidian Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 93: [251][252][253][254][255][256] 2011 C. virginica from Nova Scotia, Canada, to Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA (Haskin & Andrews 1988, Barber et al. 1997, Stephenson et al. 2003, but none of the several histological studies of oysters in the Gulf of Mexico have reported H. nelsoni or any other haplosporidian (Couch 1985, Gauthier et al. 1990, Fisher et al. 1996, Kim et al. 1998, Winstead et al. 2004, Kim & Powell 2006. The most comprehensive of these is the annual status and trends (S&T) MATERIALS AND METHODSCrassostrea virginica were collected between December 2007 and February 2008 at 32 sites representing 14 bay systems from lower Laguna Madre, Texas, to Florida Bay, Florida, USA, and C. rhizophorae were collected from 2 bays in Puerto Rico (Fig. 1, Table 1). In May and July 2010, C. virginica were sampled from 6 additional sites, representing 2 bay systems in Texas and 1 in Florida (Fig. 1, Table 1). All samples were express shipped directly to HSRL. Upon receipt, 12 oysters from each sample were opened using a shucking knife, which was rinsed in 10% bleach between each oyster. A section of gill about 4 mm wide and encompassing all 4 demibranchs approximately 6 to 7 mm posterior to the gill-palp junction was excised and preserved in 70% ethanol (EtOH) for PCR analysis. Dissecting instruments were scraped clean in a bleach-sand mixture, dipped in EtOH and flamed between each oyster. Between the PCR section and the palps, and adjacent to the piece of gill ta...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Widespread survey finds no evidence of Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) in Gulf of Mexico oysters

Ford

Paterno²,

Scarpa³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Among these pathogens, Digenean trematodes are the dominant macroparasites (Lauckner, 1983), that represent a real danger for bivalves and are often cited as a limiting factor for their production in several countries Gam et al, 2008;Oie, 2006;Potasman et al, 2002). They have been described in many exploited mollusks as mussels, cockles, oysters and carpetshell clams (Bartoli, 1981;de Montaudouin et al, 2000;Kim & Powell 2006;Krakau et al, 2006;, 2007. They generally infect individuals of low immunity and may be the main reason of the phenotypic and genotypic perturbations in the host (Poulin, 1995;Poulin et al, 1998;Poulin, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digenean larvae parasitizing Ruditapes decussatus (Bivalvia) from Tunisianan coasts

et al. 2015

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SummaryEleven species of trematode larvae (sporocysts and cercariae of Bucephalus labracis Paggi et Orecchia,1965 and Cercaria lata Lespes, 1857 and metacercariae of Acanthoparyphium sp. Dietz , 1909, Caecincola parvulus Marshall et Gilbert, 1905, Curtuteria australis Allison, 1979, Gymnophallus fossarum Bartoli, 1965, Gymnophallus rebecqui Bartoli, 1983, Lepocreadium pegorchis Stossich, 1901, Parazoogonus sp. Looss, 1901, Psilostomum brevicolle Creplin, 1829 and Robphildollfusium fractum Rudolphi, 1819) were found in the clam (Ruditapes decussatus) from Tunisian coasts. A part from B. labracis and Cercaria lata, the other trematode species were recorded for the fi rst time in Tunisia. The examination of the frequency of recorded parasites reveals some monthly variation. This variation is statistically signifi cant by comparing the sampling sites. These results indicate that more frequent parasites (G. fossarum, Cercaria lata, Curtuteria australis and Acanthoparyphium sp.) could be considered as biological indicators making it possible to predict the capture localities of the clams.

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Assessment of Dermo Perkinsus marinus in the “Southern Oyster” from a High‐Salinity Environment

Ammons¹,

Gonzalez

et al. 2023

N American J Aquac

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The prevalence and intensity of dermo Perkinsus marinus were examined in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica “southern oyster” population within the high salinity (35‰ or greater) waters of South Texas' lower Laguna Madre (LLM). During 2017, 192 oysters from four collection sites (approximately 111 km2 study area) were examined via culture for the presence of Perkinsus hypnospores. Additionally, dermo DNA was detected in oysters by PCR. The number of oysters infected (prevalence = 0.36), as well as the intensity of infection, were consistent within three of the four collection sites but varied between sites, suggesting that environmental differences influence P. marinus infection in the LLM. All sites showed an upward trend in the number of oysters infected as oyster size increased, yet the highest infection intensities were not found predominately in the larger oysters. Although the warm, high‐salinity waters might be expected to be ideal for dermo infection, the relative number and intensity of infections were low for most sites, suggesting that dermo in the LLM may not pose a significant threat to commercial oyster culture and that the southern oyster may be uniquely suited for developing a strain of oysters suitable for offshore culture in the Gulf of Mexico.

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Distribution of Parasites and Pathologies in Sentinel Bivalves: Noaa Status and Trends “Mussel Watch” Program

Cited by 49 publications

References 119 publications

Widespread survey finds no evidence of Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) in Gulf of Mexico oysters

Widespread survey finds no evidence of Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) in Gulf of Mexico oysters

Digenean larvae parasitizing Ruditapes decussatus (Bivalvia) from Tunisianan coasts

Assessment of Dermo Perkinsus marinus in the “Southern Oyster” from a High‐Salinity Environment

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