Distribution of oxygen in marine sediments measured with microelectrodes1

Revsbech, Niels Peter; Sørensen, Jan; Blackburn, T. H.; Lomholt, Jens Peter

doi:10.4319/lo.1980.25.3.0403

Cited by 367 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…the zone between oxidised (rust-brown) and reduced (black) sediment, can be determined and the oxidised areas quantified. Following dissolved oxygen, which only penetrates a few millimetres into the mud (Revsbech et al, 1980), the oxidising agents in the oxidised (sub-oxic) zone are in sequence: NO -III , Mn +IV and Fe +III (Aller, 1988). A significant correlation between measurements of the RPD in the sediment has been obtained between measurements with electrodes and with digital analysis of SPIs .…”

Section: Faunal Succession and Associated Sediment Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine benthic faunal successional stages and related sedimentary activity

Rosenberg¹

2001

Sci. Mar.

184

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SUMMARY: This paper is a brief review of successional stages and activity of benthic soft-bottom communities. Benthic communities was first described by Petersen in the 1910s and further developed by Molander, Thorson and Margalef. Successional stages of benthic communities chance in a predictable way in relation to environmental disturbance and food availability. Food supply to the bottom can occur as a vertical flux, but transport through lateral advection is more important in some areas. While at the bottom, the infauna processes the food in many different ways, and the feeding modes can be categorised into more than 20 functional groups, but fewer are present in brackish water. This categorisation is based on animal mobility and where and how they ingest the food. Animal activity in the sediment, bioturbation, has a significant effect on redox conditions and diagenetic processes. Structures in the sediment due to infaunal presence and activity can be observed in situ by sediment profile imaging, and the biogenic structures and redox conditions can be parameterised and have been shown to correlate to benthic community successional stages. The largest threat to benthic faunal biodiversity is the spread of near-bottom oxygen deficiency in many enclosed are stratified coastal areas.

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Section: Faunal Succession and Associated Sediment Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine benthic faunal successional stages and related sedimentary activity

Rosenberg¹

2001

Sci. Mar.

184

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“…The smaller PVC plugs were used for the determination of oxygen distribution using a Clark-style combination microelectrode (Revsbech et al, 1980). The electrode was standardized in seawater saturated with air or nitrogen at 22°C, and the zero value also checked by insertion of the electrode deep into a separate container of anoxic sediment.…”

Section: Chemical Analyses: Oxygen Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of macrofaunal burrow spacing and diffusive scaling on sedimentary nitrification and denitrification: An experimental simulation and model approach

Gilbert

Aller²,

Hulth³

2003

Journal of Marine Research

104

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The influence of burrow spacing on sedimentary nitrification and denitrification was simulated experimentally using sediment plugs of different thicknesses immersed in aerated seawater reservoirs. Different plug thicknesses mimic different distances between oxygenated burrow centers and produce similar changes in aerobic-anaerobic reaction balances as a function of diffusive transport scaling. The thicknesses used were roughly equivalent to transport scales (interburrow spacing) that could be produced by burrow abundances of ϳ400 to 50,000 m Ϫ2 , depending on burrow lumen radii (e.g., 0.05-1 cm). Following the exposure of anoxic sediment plugs to aerated water, an efficient aerobic nitrification zone was established within the first ϳ2-3 millimeters of sediment. At pseudo-steady state, the thinnest plug (2 mm) simulating highest burrow density, was entirely oxic and the denitrification rate nil. Denitrification was stimulated in anoxic regions of the thicker plugs (5, 10, and 20 mm) compared to the initial value in experimental sediment. Maximum nitrification rates and the highest denitrification/nitrification ratio between oxic nitrification and adjacent denitrification zones occurred for the intermediate plug thickness of 5 mm. Of the oxic/anoxic composites, the thickest plug showed the least efficient coupling between nitrification/denitrification zones (lowest denitrification/nitrification ratio). Both the thickness of the oxic layer and the total net remineralization of dissolved inorganic N varied inversely with plug thickness. A set of diffusionreaction models was formulated assuming a range of possible nitrification kinetic functions. All model forms predicted optimal nitrification-denitrification and ammonification-denitrification coupling with relative oxic-anoxic zonation scales comparable to intermediate plug thicknesses (5-6 mm). However, none of the commonly assumed kinetic forms for nitrification could produce the observed NO 3 Ϫ profiles in detail, implying that natural sediment populations of nitrifiers may be less sensitive to O 2 than laboratory strains. Our experimental and model results clearly show that rates of N remineralization and the balance between stimulation/inhibition of denitrification are highly dependent on sedimentary biogenic structure and the particular geometries of irrigated burrow distributions.

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“…Depth profiles of 0 2 concentrations and rates of oxygenic photosynthesis (via the light-dark shift method) were determined using 02-specific microlectrodes (Revsbech et al, 1980;Revsbech et al, 1983a and l983b;Joye et al, 1996). Microelectrode profiles were conducted in the laboratory using UNISENSE' microelectrodes, a UNISENSE@ picoarnmeter, and a computer-controlled micromanipulator.…”

Section: Microbial Mat Primary Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic microbial mats: important sources of fixed nitrogen and carbon to the Twin Cays, Belize ecosystem

Joye¹,

Lee²

2004

Atoll Research Bulletin

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We collected surface microbial mats at sites on Twin Cays, Belize to determine rates of primary production and nitrogen transformations. A diverse array of cyanobacteria including filamentous, coccoidal and heterocystous cyanobacteria, as well as purple sulfur bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria, were important components of microbial mat communities. Sediment chlorophyll a concentrations illustrated a high photosynthetic biomass in surface sediments. Rates of primary carbon fixation, measured as gross oxygenic photosynthesis, and nitrogen fixation and denitrification, measured using specific metabolic inhibitors, were determined during day-and-night incubations. Primary production rates were similarly high across different mat types. Nitrogen fixation rates were substantial under in situ conditions and nighttime activity frequently exceeded daytime activity. In situ denitrification rates were very low in all incubations. In the presence of added nitrate, however, denitrification rates increased significantly during daytime and nighttime incubations so that they equaled or exceeded nitrogen fixation rates. Collectively, our data show that microbial mats are a significant source of fixed carbon and nitrogen to the Twin Cays ecosystem and suggest that mats may serve as an important component of the ecosystem's food web.

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Distribution of oxygen in marine sediments measured with microelectrodes1

Cited by 367 publications

References 16 publications

Marine benthic faunal successional stages and related sedimentary activity

Marine benthic faunal successional stages and related sedimentary activity

The influence of macrofaunal burrow spacing and diffusive scaling on sedimentary nitrification and denitrification: An experimental simulation and model approach

Benthic microbial mats: important sources of fixed nitrogen and carbon to the Twin Cays, Belize ecosystem

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