Distribution of orexin/hypocretin immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the green Treefrog, Hyla cinerea

Singletary, Kristan G.; Delville, Yvon; Farrell, William J.; Wilczynski, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.01.095

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This result is in line with similar observations from several studies in teleosts, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals [Shibahara et al, 1999;Galas et al, 2001;Phillips-Singh et al, 2003;Kaslin et al, 2004;Huesa et al, 2005;Singletary et al, 2005Singletary et al, , 2006Nixon and Smale, 2007;. In contrast, orexins in specific cells of the adenohypophysis have been reported in human [Blanco et al, 2003], orexin-A in two species of anurans [Yamamoto et al, 2004;Suzuki et al, 2007], and orexin-A and orexin-B in the pituitary of two species of teleost fishes [Amiya et al, 2007;Suzuki et al, 2007Suzuki et al, , 2009.…”

Section: Distribution Of Orexin-ir Fibers In the Brain Of Vertebratessupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Therefore, the organization of orexin-ir cell bodies seems to be more complex in the Australian lungfish. Comparatively, in amphibians most orexin-ir cells are localized in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in all species studied, whereas cells in the preoptic area and the hypothalamic infundibular regions are less numerous and lacking in some species [Shibahara et al, 1999;Galas et al, 2001;Singletary et al, 2005;Suzuki et al, 2008;. Notably, the situation found in Protopterus is readily comparable to that of urodele amphibians , whereas the distribution of orexin-ir cells in Neoceratodus resembles more closely that of gymnophionans or anurans .…”

Section: Orexin-ir Neurons In the Brain Of Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The antisera anti-orexin-A and anti-orexin-B (both of Santa Cruz Biotechnology) used in this study are raised against a peptide mapping at the C-terminus of orexin-A or orexin-B of human origin. This would explain why there were no differences in the yielded pattern of staining [Singletary et al, 2005[Singletary et al, , 2006 and only orexin-immunoreactivity, in general, could be investigated. In addition, regarding their amino acid sequence, the orexins do not have structural homology with other biologically active peptides [Shibahara et al, 1999].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the primary amino acid sequence of orexins is highly conserved across vertebrates [Sakurai et al, 1998;Shibahara et al, 1999;Alvarez and Sutcliffe, 2002;Ohkubo et al, 2002;Panula, 2009]. Thus, the distribution of orexin-like immunoreactive cells and fibers in the brain of different vertebrates has been analyzed by means of immunohistochemical techniques using antibodies against mammalian orexins [Shibahara et al, 1999;Galas et al, 2001;Ohkubo et al, 2002;PhillipsSingh et al, 2003;Kaslin et al, 2004;Huesa et al, 2005;Singletary et al, 2005Singletary et al, , 2006Amiya et al, 2007;. In general, the localization of orexin-ir cell bodies in particular forebrain nuclei and the widespread distribution of fibers were corroborated for all vertebrate groups studied, but when direct cross-species comparisons were made, using the same immunohistochemical approach, important variations were found in the precise distribution of orexin-ir cells and fibers [Singletary et al, 2006;Nixon and Smale, 2007;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Orexin/Hypocretin Immunoreactivity in the Brain of the Lungfishes Protopterus dolloi and Neoceratodus forsteri

et al. 2009

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Lungfishes are currently considered the closest living relatives of tetrapods and represent an interesting group for the study of evolutionary traits in the transition from fishes to tetrapods. The brains of lungfishes have received little attention in comparative studies probably due to the difficulty of obtaining these unique animals. In the present study the distribution of orexin (hypocretin)-like immunoreactivity was studied in the brain of the African lungfish Protopterus dolloi and the Australian lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri by using antibodies directed against the mammalian orexin-A and orexin-B peptides. Simultaneous detection of orexins and tyrosine hydroxylase or serotonin was used to assess the precise location of the orexins in the brain and to evaluate the possible influence of the orexin system on the monoaminergic cell groups. Although some differences were noted, a common pattern for the distribution of orexins in the two lungfishes studied was observed. In both species, most immunoreactive neurons were observed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and dorsal hypothalamus. Only in Neoceratodus, however, were important cell populations found in the preoptic area and infundibular hypothalamus, whereas small numbers of faintly reactive neurons were present in the lateral septum and ventral striatum. Fiber labeling was widely distributed in all main brain subdivisions, but was more abundant in regions such as the septum, preoptic area, suprachiasmatic nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, thalamus, pretectum and tegmentum. Less conspicuous was the innervation of the pallial regions, habenula, optic tectum, rhombencephalic reticular formation and spinal cord. Orexinergic innervation was found in close contact with dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotoninergic cell groups, homologous to the substantia nigra in the midbrain tegmentum, the locus coeruleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract and the raphe nuclei. Although unique features have been found for lungfishes, the location of orexin immunoreactive elements is largely consistent with that recently reported following a similar approach in amphibians and amniotes, suggesting that the general organization of this peptidergic system occurred in the common ancestor of lungfishes and tetrapods.

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Section: Distribution Of Orexin-ir Fibers In the Brain Of Vertebratessupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Orexin-ir Neurons In the Brain Of Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Orexin/Hypocretin Immunoreactivity in the Brain of the Lungfishes Protopterus dolloi and Neoceratodus forsteri

et al. 2009

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“…The antisera anti-OX-A and anti-OX-B used in the present study, whose specificity has been previously confirmed [López et al, 2009a], were raised against a peptide mapping at the C-terminus of human OX-A or OX-B. This explains the common pattern of immunostaining obtained with both antibodies in the present and previous studies [Singletary et al, 2005[Singletary et al, , 2006López et al, 2009a, b;Domínguez et al, 2010b;Miranda et al, 2013;López et al, 2014], and therefore only orexin-immunoreactivity, in general, could be investigated with these antisera.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Spatiotemporal Development of the Orexinergic (Hypocretinergic) System in the Central Nervous System of Xenopus laevis

López¹,

Morales²,

González³

2016

Brain Behav Evol

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The present immunohistochemical study represents a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of the localization of orexin-immunoreactive (OX-ir) cells and fibers throughout development in the brain of the anuran amphibian Xenopus laevis, a model frequently used in developmental studies. Anurans undergo remarkable physiological changes during the early life stages, and very little is known about the ontogeny and the localization of the centers that control functions such as appetite and feed ingestion in the developing brain. We examined the onset of the orexinergic system, demonstrated to be involved in appetite regulation, using antibodies against mammalian orexin-A and orexin-B peptides. Simultaneous detection of orexins with other territorial markers was used to assess the precise location of the orexinergic cells in the hypothalamus, analyzed within a segmental paradigm. Double staining of orexins and tyrosine hydroxylase served to evaluate possible interactions with the catecholaminergic systems. At early embryonic stages, the first OX-ir cells were detected in the hypothalamus and, soon after, long descending projections were observed through the brainstem to the spinal cord. As brain development proceeded, the double-staining techniques demonstrated that this OX-ir cell group was located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus within the alar hypothalamus. Throughout larval development, the number of OX-ir cells increased notably and a widespread fiber network that innervated the main areas of the forebrain and brainstem was progressively formed, including innervation in the posterior tubercle and mesencephalon, the locus coeruleus, and the nucleus of the solitary tract where catecholaminergic cells are present. In addition, orexinergic cells were detected in the preoptic area and the tuberal hypothalamus only at late prometamorphic stages. The final distribution pattern, largely similar to that of the adult, was achieved through metamorphic climax. The early expression of orexins in Xenopus suggests important roles in brain development in the embryonic period before feeding, and the progression of the temporal and spatial complexity of the orexinergic system might be correlated to the maturation of appetite control regulation, among other functions.

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Neuropeptides Controlling Energy Balance: Orexins and Neuromedins

Nixon

Kotz

Novak

et al. 2011

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology

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In this section we review the feeding and energy expenditure effects of orexin (also known as hypocretin) and neuromedin. Orexins are multifunctional neuropeptides that affect energy balance by participating in regulation of appetite, arousal, and spontaneous physical activity. Central orexin signaling for all functions originates in the lateral hypothalamus–perifornical area, and is likely functionally differentiated based on site of action and on interacting neural influences. The effect of orexin on feeding is likely related to arousal in some ways, but is nonetheless a separate neural process that depends on interactions with other feeding related neuropeptides. In a pattern distinct from other neuropeptides, orexin stimulates both feeding and energy expenditure. Orexin increases in energy expenditure are mainly by increasing spontaneous physical activity, and this energy expenditure effect is more potent than the effect on feeding. Global orexin manipulations, such as in transgenic models, produce energy balance changes consistent with a dominant energy expenditure effect of orexin. Neuromedins are gut-brain peptides that reduce appetite. There are gut sources of neuromedin, but likely the key appetite related neuromedin producing neurons are in hypothalamus and parallel other key anorectic neuropeptide expression in the arcuate to paraventricular hypothalamic projection. As with other hypothalamic feeding related peptides, hindbrain sites are likely also important sources and targets of neuromedin anorectic action. Neuromedin increases physical activity in addition to reducing appetite, thus producing a consistent negative energy balance effect. Together with the various other neuro-peptides, -transmitters, -modulators and –hormones, neuromedin and orexin act in the appetite network to produce changes in food intake and energy expenditure, which ultimately influences the regulation of body weight.

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Distribution of orexin/hypocretin immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the green Treefrog, Hyla cinerea

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Distribution of Orexin/Hypocretin Immunoreactivity in the Brain of the Lungfishes <i>Protopterus dolloi</i> and <i>Neoceratodus forsteri</i>

Distribution of Orexin/Hypocretin Immunoreactivity in the Brain of the Lungfishes <i>Protopterus dolloi</i> and <i>Neoceratodus forsteri</i>

Spatiotemporal Development of the Orexinergic (Hypocretinergic) System in the Central Nervous System of <b><i>Xenopus laevis</i></b>

Neuropeptides Controlling Energy Balance: Orexins and Neuromedins

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