“…According to data findings (Sirimanne et al, 2019), oil tanker deadweight tonnage increased from 0.337 billion in 1980 to 0.601 billion in 2020, while the number of oil tankers increased from 10,609 in 2010 to 11,268 in 2020. However, as oil transportation increased, the risk of oil spills affecting marine ecosystems and coastal resources enhanced, resulting in the loss of fisheries, aquaculture, and tourism industries, as well as severe damage to social and environmental values (Li et al, 2016;Hung et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2019). According to ITOPF (2021) statistical data report, statistics on tanker spills more than 7 tones have showed a substantial decline over the last half-century.…”